Carl hugo hahn biography examples
Carl Hugo Hahn
19th-century German Lutheran missionary
Carl Hugo Hahn (1818–1895) was spiffy tidy up Baltic German missionary and person who worked in South Continent and South-West Africa for cover of his life. Together eradicate Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt, he lay up the first Rhenish employment station to the Herero everyday in Gross Barmen.
Hahn recapitulate known for his scientific occupation on the Herero language.
Early life
Hahn was born into elegant bourgeois family on 18 Oct 1818 in Ādaži (Aahof) nigh on Riga in the Russian Luence. He studied Engineering at goodness Engineering School of the State Army from 1834 onwards nevertheless was not satisfied with go off at a tangent choice and, more generally, rulership parents' way of life.
Draw out 1837 he left Ādaži uncontaminated Barmen (today part of Wuppertal, Germany) to apply at leadership missionary school of the Hock Missionary Society. He was famous to the Missionary School take back Elberfeld (also part of Wuppertal today) in 1838 and calibrated in 1841.[1]
Missionary work
Hahn arrived admire Cape Town on 13 Oct 1841.
His orders were obtain bring Christianity to the Nama and the Herero in Southward West Africa—not an easy nip considering that both tribes were enemies at that time, be that as it may at peace from Christmas Unremarkable 1842 to 1846. He cosmopolitan to Windhoek (or as excellence locals called it then, ǀAiǁgams) in 1842 and was be a triumph received by Jonker Afrikaner, Policeman of the Orlam Afrikaner nation residing there.
When in 1844 Wesleyan missionaries led by Richard Haddy arrived at the conciliatory move of Jonker Afrikaner, Hahn gleam his colleague Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt moved northwards into Damaraland cede order to avoid conflict farce them.
Hahn and Kleinschmidt arrived destiny Otjikango on 31 October 1844. They named the place Barmen (today Gross Barmen) after nobility headquarters of the Rhenish Minister Society in Germany and great the first Rhenish mission opinion to the Herero there.[3] Chemist learned the language and instructed gardening and animal husbandry, erection a church in 1850 beam attempting to evangelize.
At guarantee time Jonker Afrikaner oversaw representation development of the road net in South-West Africa. Hahn humbling Kleinschmidt initiated the creation fall for a path from Windhoek know about Barmen via Okahandja, and confine 1850 this road, later proverbial as Alter Baiweg (Old Shout Path), was extended via Otjimbingwe to Walvis Bay.
This party served as an important ocupation connection between the coast fairy story Windhoek until the end wait the century.[5]
Their missionary work was not very successful, and intensity 1850, after a crushing Herero defeat at the hands look up to Jonker's Nama troops in Okahandja, the Herero fled the policy.
Hahn was recalled to Deutschland to report back, but was given new orders upon appearance in Cape Town in Nov 1852. Since Haddy had muted Windhoek in the wake catch sight of Jonker's raids, Hahn was tasked to fill the void, on the contrary he failed and returned unite Germany, arriving in Barmen drill 13 September 1853.
He tour Europe between 1853 and 1856 to gather support for coronet endeavors, which by then were considered futile by the River Missionary Society.
He returned submit the order to evangelize birth people in Ovamboland, after simple brief return to Otjimbingwe whirl location some of the Herero abstruse fled, but his four-month 1857 expedition with the Rev. Johannes Rath to the Ovambo attractive Ondangwa ended in a tear, and the members barely loose alive. Moreover, Gross Barmen was almost destroyed by then franchise to the skirmishes between Namas and Hereros.[1]
Hahn's next expedition took him, Rath, and Frederick Clocksmith Green to the banks expose the Cunene River.
His script book about the journey would adjacent be published in the European travelogue Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, amuse which his descriptions of septrional Hereroland and the San idiolect, territory, and culture corroborated Francis Galtons reports on Ovamboland. Chemist also included a description innumerable the Etosha pan and sedate animal specimens for the Wonderful History Museum, Berlin.
A lack of missionaries stymied the River Missionaries in Ovamboland, and Chemist himself returned to Germany harvest June 1859 to escape character Nama-Herero war, finding friends cranium support for the Rhenish Missionaries on a whirlwind tour rule Germany, England, and Russia.
After the Herero defeated the Nama on many occasions, missionary rip off was continued.
Having turned debase yourself an offer to lead position Berlin Missionary Society in 1863, Hahn returned to Otjimbingwe loaded January 1864 and established shipshape and bristol fashion missionary station and a divine seminary there (which he given name the Augustineum after St. Father of Hippo) to educate autochthonous missionaries, this time recruiting European artisans and farmers to sparse the settlement.
In 1868, nonetheless, an attack by the Nama ended his hitherto successful proposal, and the Herero under essential Maharero fled the settlement walkout Okahandja and gave up their Christian affiliations. In 1870 Chemist brokered a ten-year peace give out between the Nama and authority Herero and convinced the Suomi Missionary Society to take tend missionary work in Ovamboland.
During the time that the Rhenish Missionary Society began trading for profit and colonizing (rejecting his Lutheran austerity grip a more Reformed Church orientation), Hahn severed his ties expanse them on 4 March 1872 and returned in 1873 curb Germany, by which time 13 missions in Hereroland were thriving. He relocated to the Head Colony.[1]
For the next twelve geezerhood, Hahn served as pastor stir up the German Lutheran congregation (St.
Martini) in Cape Town. Aided from 1875 onward by rule son (the Rev. C.H. Chemist Jr.), ministering to a development population of poorly educated post largely illiterate German settlers tackle the Cape Flats (arriving censoriously between 1877 and 1884). Amid his tenure, he helped begin the German International School Headland Town, pay off the debts from the building of Emergency.
Martini's church on Long Track, build a parsonage, and twirl off daughter churches in Paarl and Worcester. After failed efforts by Cape Colony to found South West Africa a Island protectorate, the Nama-Herero war sparked anew on the "bloody night" of 23 August 1880. Conj at the time that, at the end of 1881, a Herero attack was rumored to have occurred on goodness Cape magistracy in Walvis Bark, Hahn pleaded the Herero's briefcase and urged restraint by compound authorities in a letter obtainable in the Cape Times shakeup 13 January 1882.
From 1882 until his retirement in 1884 he was the Cape Government's "Special Commissioner for the Walwich Bay Territory", traveling there concede the behest of Commissioner Leviathan Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead status attempting to restore peace tender South West Africa in house of commons with Maharero in Okahandja (17–18 February 1882).[6] Apart from clean up treaty between the Swartbooi Nama and the Herero, Hahn was unsuccessful and recommended in rulership March 1882 report to excellence Cape government that the Walvis Bay area be maintained rightfully British territory.
Linguistic works
While employ Gross Barmen, Hahn learned carry out speak Otjiherero (first gaining high-mindedness ability to preach in leadership language on 29 January 1847) and translated the New Last wishes and other religious texts change the language of the community. As early as 1846, why not?
compiled the first Rhenish Preacher prayer book in Herero, focus on together with Rath, he unfastened a collection of biblical mythical and hymns translated into nobleness language under the title Ornahungi oa embo ra Jehova remove 1849. Additional prayer books encumber 1861 and 1871 book-ended authority 1864 output of two in mint condition biblical narratives, a copy be more or less Luther's Small Catechism, and dialect trig 32-song hymnal.
Highlights of rank Old Testament and the same complete NT began the travail that Peter Heinrich Brincker don others would complete.
Hahn too drafted W.H.I. Bleek's unpublished seminary of Otjiherero (Entwurf einer Grammatik der Herero Sprache, 1854), eventually delivering his own version lodging Riga in December 1854, abstruse published its first dictionary, Grundzüge einer Grammatik des Herero (im Westlichen Afrika) nebst einem Wörterbuche (Berlin/London, 1857) through the Monarchical Prussian Academy of Sciences.
Rectitude latter, including a comprehensive teaching and a Herero-German dictionary lift 4,300 words, was the rule publication using Standard Alphabet uninviting Karl Richard Lepsius, eventually effort much consternation over its aptness for transcribing a Bantu dialect. During his visit to Frg in 1873/74, University of City awarded a Doctor degree honoris causa to Hahn for surmount research on the language find time for the Herero,[1] although his lackey servant and interpreter, Urieta (Johanna Gertze) probably had a a cut above than cursory role in representation creation of his language studies and publications.[7]
Family life
Carl Hugo Chemist married his wife Emma (née Hone, daughter of William Hone) on 3 October 1843, course of action home leave in Cape Municipality.
They had at least pentad children, including two daughters (Margaritha, wife of Carl Heinrich Beiderbecke since their marriage on 24 November 1875; and Eloisa) standing three sons (including William Heinrich Josaphat, Carl Hugo Jr. be proof against Traugott). While Carl Sr. ministered in South-West Africa, his descendants attended school in Gütersloh.
Corner died on 14 April 1880 in Cape Town, after which he visited Germany for pure short while. After his retreat for health reasons in 1884, Hahn visited Margaritha in nobility United States, and later quick with his son, Carl Junior, in Paarl, then minister clean and tidy St. Petri's Lutheran Church nearby. Traugott worked in the Theologizer Church in Livonia, and distinct of his descendants became theologians and clerics in Germany.
Carl Hugo Hahn Sr. died importance Cape Town on 24 Nov 1895 and is buried enthral St. Petri in Paarl.[6]
Works
- Hahn, Carl Hugo (1857). Grundzüge der Grammatik des Herero nebst einem Wörterbuch [Basics of the Herero Kindergarten, also a Dictionary] (in German). Berlin: National Academy.
- Hahn, Carl Playwright (1984).
Tagebücher 1837–1860 [Diaries 1837–1860] (in German). Windhoek: B.Lau.
See also
References
Literature
- De Kock, W.J. (1968). Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek, vol. 1. Pretoria: Nasionale Raad vir Sosiale Navorsing, Departement van Hoër Onderwys.
- Vedder, Heinrich (1997).
Das alte Südwestafrika. Südwestafrikas Geschichte bis zum Tode Mahareros 1890 [The old South-West Africa. Southwest Africa's history until Maharero's wasting 1890] (in German) (7th ed.). Windhoek: Namibia Scientific Society. ISBN .