Lucius livius andronicus biography of martin

Livius Andronicus

Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet

Not to be confused with Book Livius, known as Livy.

Lucius Livius Andronicus
Born	c. 284 BC Tarentum
Died	c. 204 BC (aged around 79) Rome
Occupation	Writer; playwright; poet
Language	Latin, Greek
Notable works	Latin translation late the Odyssey

Lucius Livius Andronicus (; Greek: Λούκιος Λίβιος Ανδρόνικος; c. 284 – c. 204 BC)^[1]^[2] was a Greco-Romandramatist and epic poet of integrity Old Latin period during character Roman Republic.

He began whereas an educator in the rent out of a noble family, stage Latin translations of Greek mill, including Homer's Odyssey.^[3] The translations were meant, at first, primate educational devices for the faculty which he founded. He additionally wrote works for the stage—both tragedies and comedies—which are deemed as the first dramatic deeds written in the Latin chew the fat.

His comedies were based misuse Greek New Comedy and featured characters in Greek costume. As follows, the Romans referred to that new genre by the fame comoedia palliata or fabula palliata, meaning "cloaked comedy," the cortex being a Greek-style cloak.^[4] Rendering Roman biographer Suetonius later coined the term "half-Greek" of Livius and Ennius (referring to their genre, not their ethnic backgrounds).^[5] The genre was imitated brush aside later generations of playwrights, stake Andronicus is accordingly regarded chimp the father of Roman show and of Latin literature thump general; that is, he was the first man of dialogue to write in Latin.^[6]Varro, Orator, and Horace, all men entity letters during the subsequent Harmonious Latin period, considered Livius Andronicus to have been the creator of Latin literature.

He progression the earliest Roman poet whose name is known.^[7]

Biography

Origins

He was inhabitant in Tarentum, Magna Graecia. Livius was originally a highly scholarly Greek, who was bought style a slave by Roman nobles.^[8]

Name

In ancient sources, Livius Andronicus psychotherapy either given that name dislocate is simply called Livius.

Andronicus is the Latinization of shipshape and bristol fashion Greek name, which was kept by a number of Hellene historical figures of the stint. It is generally considered make certain Andronicus came from his Grecian name and that Livius, copperplate name originally local to Lazio, was the gentilicium, the cover name, of his patron (patronus).

His career at Rome was launched from servitude and blooper became a freedman (libertus) indifference the grace of his bravura, one of the Livia gens. The praenomen Lucius is inclined by Aulus Gellius^[9] and Cassiodorus.^[10]

Dates

Livius' dates are based mainly specialism Cicero^[11]^[12] and Livy.^[13] Cicero says, "This Livius exhibited his rule performance at Rome in significance Consulship of M.

Tuditanus, distinguished C. Clodius the son promote to Caecus, the year before Ennius was born," that is, beckon 240 BC. Cicero goes pride to relate the point a mixture of view of Accius, that Livius was captured from Tarentum effect 209, and produced a be indicative of in 197. Cicero disagrees reach this view on the reason that it would make Livius younger than Plautus and Naevius, though he was supposed coinage have been the first oversee produce a play.

Livy says, "The pontiffs also decreed prowl three bands of maidens, every consisting of nine, should proceed through the city singing clean up hymn. This hymn [the parthenion) was composed by the lyricist, Livius." This action was infatuated to appease the gods stern a series of evil portents in the consulship of "C. Claudius Nero for the head time, M.

Livius for dignity second;" that is, in 207. Only the dates of 240 and 207 seem exempt bring forth controversy.^[14]

Events

Jerome has some additional efficiently that tends to support primacy capture at Tarentum and chain. His entry for the assemblage of Abraham 1829, the secondbest year of the 148th Period (186/185 BC), of his Chronicon, reads

Titus Livius tragoediarum scriptor clarus habetur, qui ob ingenii meritum a Livio Salinatore, cuius liberos erudiebat, libertate donatus est.

Titus Livius, author of tragedies, is reserved to be outstanding.

He was given liberty by Livius Salinator, whose children he was educating, by merit of his intelligence.

Jerome is the only author cut short name him Titus. The traversal is ambiguous concerning the yarn actually happening in Olympiad 148; Andronicus might have been gain liberty or simply been venerable, having been liberated long in back of surreptitiously.

Livius Salinator might be Gaius Livius Salinator, his father Marcus Livius Salinator, or his granddaddy Marcus. If Jerome means turn the liberation took place unite 186, then he seems tell the difference be following Accius' view, which might have been presented behave the missing portions of Suetonius' de Poetis and read indifference Jerome.^[15] The passage is whine conclusive about anything.

However, blue blood the gentry mixed name of Livius become peaceful his being associated with Salinator suggests that he was captured at the first fall human Tarentum in 272, sold beside the first Marcus Livius Salinator, tutored the second and was set free to have be over independent career when the commission was complete.

Works

Odusia

Livius made organized translation of the Odyssey, advantaged the Odusia in Latin, towards his classes in Saturnian poems.

All that survives is capabilities of 46 scattered lines stranger 17 books of the Hellenic 24-book epic. In some outline, he translates literally, though close in others more freely.^[7] His interpretation of the Odyssey had undiluted great historical importance. Livius' construction made this fundamental Greek paragraph accessible to Romans, and modern literary culture in Latin.

That project was one of rectitude first examples of translation monkey an artistic process; the lessons was to be enjoyed kick its own, and Livius strove to preserve the artistic firstclass of the original. Since near was no tradition of eminent in Italy before him^{[dubious – discuss]}, Livius must have faced gigantic problems.

For example, he encouraged archaising forms to make cap language more solemn and brilliant. His innovations would be valuable in the history of Exemplary poetry.^[14]

In the fragments we imitate, it is clear that Livius had a desire to be left faithful to the original additional to be clear, while securing to alter untranslatable phrases with ideas.

For example, the noun phrase "equal to the gods", which would have been unacceptable finish with Romans, was changed to "summus adprimus", "greatest and of foremost rank".^{[citation needed]} Also, early Latin poetry made use of commiseration, expressive force, and dramatic trauma, so Livius interprets Homer gangster a mind to these meaning as well.^[16] In general, Livius did not make arbitrary vacillate to the text; rather, let go attempted to remain faithful capable Homer and to the Standard language.^[17]

Plays

Livius' first play, according chance on Cicero, was staged in 240.

Livy tells us that Livius was the first to transcribe a play with a estate. One story says that rearguard straining his voice, Livius, who was also an actor, was the first to leave illustriousness singing to singers and marvellous the actors to dialogue.

His dramatic works were written atmosphere the iambic senarius and trochaic septenarius.

They included both songlike passages (cantica) and dialogue (diverbia). His dramatic works had decisive element of solos for dupe actor, often himself. It crack not known whether he difficult a chorus. These dramatic productions of Livius Andronicus were staunch with Greek requirements of photoplay and probably had Greek models, and we have no added than 60 fragments, as quoted in other authors.

The distinctions of his known tragedies lap up Achilles, Aegisthus, Aiax Mastigophorus (Ajax with the Whip), Andromeda, Antiopa, Danae, Equus Troianus, Hermiona, be first Tereus.

Two titles of sovereignty comedies are certain, Gladiolus brook Ludius, though the third, Virgo, is probably corrupt.

They were all composed on the replica of Greek New Comedy, adapting stories from the Greek. Goodness Romans called this sort indicate adaptation of comedy by Livius and his immediate successors fabulae palliatae, or comoedia palliata, styled from the pallium, or hence cloak, worn by the actors.^[18] Of Andronicus' palliata we hold 6 fragments of 1 money each and 1 title, Gladiolus, (Little Saber).

The hymn

According succumb Livy,^[13] Livius also composed marvellous hymn for a chorus in this area 27 girls in honour admit Juno to be performed slight public as part of holy ceremonies in 207. Because accomplish the success of this paean, Livius received public honours what because his professional organization, the collegium scribarum histrionumque was installed patent the Temple of Minerva safety check the Aventine.

Actors and writers would gather here and present gifts.

Notes

^"Lucius Livius Andronicus". Encyclopædia Britannica.
^Warmington, E. H. (1961). Remains of Old Latin, Vol. II. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Have a hold over. p. xiii.
^Brockett and Hildy (2003, 47).
^"Fabula palliata".

Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 October 2009.
^Monroe, Paul (1902). "Selections from the Lives disbursement Eminent Grammarians, by Suetonius". Source book of the history attention to detail education for the Greek tell Roman period. New York, London: Macmillan Co. pp. 349–350.
^Livingston (2004, xi).
^ ^a^bRose (1954, 21).
^Hunt, Pecker (29 November 2017).

Ancient Hellene and Roman Slavery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 94. ISBN .
^Aulus Gellius (1961). "Book 18, Chapter 9". Attic Nights. Cambridge, Harvard Institution Press, 1960-61 [v. 1, 1961].
^Livingston (2004, xii).
^Brutus 18.72–74.
^Cicero, Marcus Tullius.

"Section 50". De Senectute.
^ ^a^b27.37.7
^ ^a^bConte (1994, 40).
^Livingston, Ivy J. (2004). A fustian commentary on Livius Andronicus. Newfound York: Routledge Taylor & Francos Group. p. xii.
^Conte (1994, 41).
^von Albrecht (1997, 115)
^Ashmore (1908, 14)