Ravi zacharias wiki

Ravi Zacharias

Canadian-American Christian apologist (1946–2020)

Ravi Zacharias

Zacharias in 2015

Born

Frederick Anthony Ravi Kumar Zacharias


(1946-03-26)26 March 1946

Madras, Madras Presidency, British India (now Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India)

Died19 May well 2020(2020-05-19) (aged 74)

Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.

Citizenship
Occupation(s)Christian fan, founder and chairman of high-mindedness board of Ravi Zacharias Universal Ministries
Spouse

Margaret Reynolds

​

(m. 1972)​
Children3
Alma materTrinity International University
InfluencesNorman Geisler, G.

K. Chesterton, Apophthegm. S. Lewis, Malcolm Muggeridge, Toilet Polkinghorne, Billy Graham

Era21st-century philosophy
School agreeable traditionChristian philosophy
Main interestsPhilosophy of sanctuary, Christian apologetics, worldview
Notable ideasFour criteria for a coherent worldview
InfluencedNabeel Qureshi, Lee Strobel, Frank Turek, Tim Tebow, Alisa Childers
Websitewww.rzim.org
www.rzimindia.in

Frederick Antony Ravi Kumar Zacharias (26 March 1946 – 19 May 2020) was an Indian-born Canadian-American Christianevangelicalminister and Christian advocate who founded Ravi Zacharias Worldwide Ministries (RZIM).

He was take part in in Christian apologetics for spruce up period spanning more than twoscore years, authoring more than cardinal books.[1][2] He also hosted say publicly radio programs Let My Followers Think and Just Thinking.[3][4] Zacharias belonged to the Christian presentday Missionary Alliance (C&MA), the Keswickian Christian denomination in which dirt was ordained as a minister.[5] After his death, allegations make out sexual harassment against him emerged, were investigated, and found cling on to be true.

[6][7][8]

Early life existing education

Ravi Zacharias was born sunshade 26 March 1946 in Province, India, and grew up lessening Delhi.[4]

Zacharias' family was Anglican, on the contrary he was a "skeptic" inconclusive the age of 17 like that which he attempted suicide by swallowing poison.[4][10] While he was corner the hospital, a local Faith worker brought him a Hand-operated and told his mother cause to feel read to him from Toilet 14, which contains Jesus' passage to Thomas the Apostle.[4][11] Zacharias said it was John 14:19 that touched him as representation defining paradigm, "Because I survive, you also will live", added that he thought, "This might be my only hope: Tidy new way of living.

Lifetime as defined by the Penny-a-liner of Life." Zacharias committed sovereignty life to Christ, praying consider it "Jesus if you are decency one who gives life pass for it is meant to put right, I want it. Please strategy me out of this dispensary bed well, and I clause I will leave no cube unturned in my pursuit complete truth."

In 1966, Zacharias emigrated drag his family to Canada,[4] stipend his undergraduate degree from nobleness Ontario Bible College in 1972 (now Tyndale University) and diadem M.Div.

from Trinity International Routine in 1976.[4] In 1990 without fear participated in guided study putrefy Ridley Hall, a Church duplicate Englandtheological school in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England.[4]

Career

Ministry

Zacharias spent the summer glimpse 1971 in South Vietnam, place he evangelized U.S.

soldiers style well as imprisoned Viet Cancellation members.[10][13] After graduating from Lake Bible College, he began swindler itinerant ministry with the Christianly and Missionary Alliance (C&MA) cloudless Canada. In 1974 the C&MA sent him to Cambodia, wheel he preached only a thus time before its fall disparagement the Khmer Rouge.[10] He was later ordained by the C&MA in 1980, and between 1980 and 1984 he taught molder the C&MA-affiliated Alliance Theological Denomination, where he was a don of evangelism.[4][15]

In 1983, Zacharias rundle in Amsterdam at the Thrash Graham Evangelistic Association's first Supranational Conference for Itinerant Evangelists.[16] Astern Amsterdam, he spent the summertime evangelizing in India, where appease continued to see the want for apologetic ministry, both prove lead people to Christ put forward to train Christian leaders.

Hinder August 1984, Ravi Zacharias Supranational Ministries (RZIM) was founded worry Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to imprints his calling as a "classical evangelist in the arena make a rough draft the intellectually resistant."[17] Later hang over headquarters were located in illustriousness suburbs of Atlanta, Georgia, In partnership States.[4]

In 1989, shortly after high-mindedness fall of the Berlin Enclosure, Zacharias spoke in Moscow become conscious students at the Lenin Military-Political Academy as well as state leaders at the Center convey Geopolitical Strategy.[18] This was righteousness first of many evangelism actions in the political sphere.

Unconventional events included one in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1993, where bankruptcy spoke to members of righteousness judiciary on the importance forfeit having a solid moral foundation.

The following year, Zacharias wrote consummate first book, A Shattered Visage: The Real Face of Atheism.[21] In 1992, Zacharias spoke nearby his first Veritas Forum disdain Harvard University,[10][22] and later deviate year was one of birth keynote speakers at Urbana.[23] Soil continued to be a accepted guest at these forums,[24] both giving lectures and answering group of pupils in question-and-answer sessions at learned institutions including the University resolve Georgia,[25] the University of Michigan,[26] and Penn State.[27]

In 2004, Blue blood the gentry Church of Jesus Christ perceive Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) unsealed its signature pulpit at honesty Salt Lake Tabernacle to Zacharias for a series of messages.

He delivered a sermon decant "Who Is the Truth? Guard Jesus Christ as The Target, The Truth and The Life" to some 7,000 lay-persons near scholars from both LDS distinguished Protestant camps in an prefatory move towards open dialogue amidst the groups.[28] Some evangelicals criticized Zacharias' decision not to worker this opportunity to directly discourse the "deep and foundational" differences between the traditional Christian piety and the teachings of greatness LDS Church.

He responded induce asserting that Christians should mewl immediately condemn so-called the LDS Church's theological differences but "graciously build one step at undiluted time in communicating our trust with clarity and conviction", stating that this would be impartial as effective as showing individual the faults of their faith.[29] The speaking engagement was all but sabotaged by an allegation brush aside event organizer Greg Johnson, numero uno of Standing Together, that Zacharias had nothing to do down editing the book The Sovereignty of the Cults and difficult to understand only loaned his name hyperbole the latest edition; Johnson afterwards apologized for his comment.[30]

Zacharias was a frequent keynote lecturer in quod the evangelical community at exploits including the Future of Tall tale conference in 2004,[31] the Practice Religious Broadcasters' Convention and Study in 2005,[32] and the Steady Conference on Christian Apologetics providential 2006.[33] On successive nights wring October 2007, he addressed eminent the students and faculty loosen Virginia Tech, then the humanity of Blacksburg, Virginia, on birth topic of evil and distress in the wake of class Virginia Tech massacre.[34] Zacharias so-called the evangelical community at occasions such as the National Allot of Prayer in Washington, D.C., the Annual Prayer Breakfast concede the United Nations, the Individual Union Prayer Breakfast in Maputo, Mozambique, and was named optional chairman of the 2008 Special Day of Prayer task force.[35] He also participated in leadership ecumenical Together 2016 meetings, which Pope Francis addressed, describing probity event as a valiant effort.[36][37][38]

In 2006, Ravi Zacharias along tie in with Wycliffe Hall established the Town Centre for Christian Apologetics (OCCA) in Oxfordshire, England though quicken is now entirely separate do too much Wycliffe.[39][40]

In November 2009, Zacharias mark the ecumenical Manhattan Declaration which affirms the sanctity of sensitive life, the dignity of confederation as a union of garner and wife, and freedom obvious religion as foundational principles counterfeit justice and the common good.[41] In 2016, Republican presidential entrant Marco Rubio appointed Zacharias close to his anti-abortion "Dignity of Life" advisory panel.[42]

In 2015, according attain RZIM's public Form 990 duty return, Zacharias and his helpmeet earned a combined total neat as a new pin $523,926 from the ministry.[43]

Worldview

Zacharias argued that a coherentworldview must produce able to satisfactorily answer quaternion questions: that of origin, substance of life, morality, and providence.

He said that while each major religion makes exclusive claims about truth, the Christian piety is unique in its warrant to answer all four be required of these questions.[44] He routinely rundle on the coherence of righteousness Christian worldview,[45] saying that Religion is capable of withstanding excellence toughest philosophical attacks.[46] Zacharias deemed that the apologist must confute from three levels: from ratiocination to make it tenable; escape feelings to make it liveable; and from whether one has the right to use do business to make moral judgments.[47] Zacharias' style of apologetics focused chiefly on Christianity's answers to life's great existential questions with provide for of God.[4] He argued divagate the dominance of the optical in modern communication systems has impacted people's capacity for idealistic reasoning altering their way rule perceiving things; however, the coalescence of abstract reasoning into one's worldview is important to receive its base grounded in absolutes rather than on relative inside and fads.[48]

Academic credential controversies

In sting earlier edition of his memoir and in other literature, Zacharias claimed to have studied strike the University of Cambridge with the addition of was a visiting professor combat the University of Oxford.[49][50] Agreement multiple speaking engagements he articulated that he had taken span class in quantum mechanics erior to John Polkinghorne and while tidy visiting scholar at Cambridge challenging heard Stephen Hawking lecture, temporarily deprive of sight him struggle between agnosticism come first theism.[51] Zacharias often claimed affluent books and sermons that let go was invited to be fine visiting scholar at Cambridge, situation he focused his studies force Romantic writers and moralist philosophers.[53]

The veracity of Zacharias's purported scholastic positions at the universities acquire Oxford and Cambridge was questioned.[54] Christian academic Warren Throckmorton assumed that Zacharias "wasn't being truthful" in his claims, pointing heave that he had been dinky visiting scholar at Ridley Fascinate, a theology school in position city of Cambridge which practical unaffiliated with the university.[55] Atheistical commentator Steve Baughman also ran a website exposing how Zacharias exaggerated his qualifications.[56][57]

In 2017, Christianity Today reported accusations that Zacharias had exaggerated his academic credentials; for instance that he challenging referred to himself in bigeminal articles and videos with interpretation title "Doctor" or "Dr.", insult lacking a PhD qualification.

Attach importance to response, Zacharias said he abstruse been "conferred ten honorary doctorates" and said further that "in Ravi's homeland of India… honorific titles are customary and emblematic used frequently out of adoration for elders, including by picture RZIM India team when addressing Ravi."[58] In a statement, RZIM indicated that "[in] earlier geezerhood, 'Dr.' did appear before Ravi's name in some of pilot materials, including on our site, which is an appropriate turf acceptable practice with honorary doctorates.

However, because this practice throne be contentious in certain wind, we no longer use it." Christianity Today reported that Zacharias' online biography was edited next the accusations regarding his credentials.[58]

Sexual abuse

Both before and after consummate death in May 2020, doubled women alleged that Zacharias difficult engaged in habitual sexual misdemean and/or abuse.

Ruth Malhotra, unadorned former member of RZIM, claims that suspicions regarding Zacharias' activity had existed during his time but that RZIM employees were not allowed to investigate.[59]

Lori Anne Thompson's lawsuit

In April 2017, RZIM claimed that Canadians Lori Anne and Brad Thompson sent deft demand letter to Zacharias requiring him to pay $5 heap in exchange for them asceticism from filing a lawsuit stroll would have accused him work impropriety.

Their evidence included words exchanges, which included nude kodaks sent by Lori Anne Physicist to Zacharias. In response, Zacharias filed a lawsuit accusing class couple of extortion.[60] The travel case was settled in November 2017 with a non-disclosure agreement.[60] Disclose a statement issued on Dec 3, 2017,[61] Zacharias said, "Let me state categorically that Beside oneself never met [Thompson] alone, forthright or privately.

The question review not whether I solicited virtuous sent any illicit photos do an impression of messages to [her]—I did call for, and there is no testimony to the contrary—but rather, bon gr I should have been practised willing participant in any large communication with a woman, scream my wife. The answer, Raving can unequivocally say, is negation, and I fully accept responsibility." He added that he confidential been "absolutely faithful" to realm wife throughout their marriage, on the other hand acknowledged that he "failed standing exercise wise caution and resurrect protect [himself] from even decency appearance of impropriety".[60][61]

2020 abuse allegations and preliminary report

Four months equate Zacharias' death in 2020, leash women who worked at bend over day spas he had co-owned in the Atlanta area came forward alleging that he difficult to understand sexually harassed multiple massage therapists over the course of quintuplet years.

According to Christianity Today, Zacharias masturbated in front outline one of the women go into detail than fifty times, requested decisive photos of her, and without prompting for sex on at lowest two occasions. Other women hypothetical that Zacharias had inappropriately groped or fondled them. A supplier business partner, Anurag Sharma, put into words regret at not stopping Zacharias and issued an apology be one of the alleged chumps in the Christianity Today article.[6]

RZIM initially denied the claims, on the contrary subsequently hired the law indicate Miller & Martin to heavens an investigation.

Miller & Actor engaged the services of natty private investigation firm consisting celebrate former federal law enforcement workers. The investigators interviewed more escape fifty people, including more better a dozen massage therapists, swallow accessed data from four migratory devices used by Zacharias.[62] Hobby December 23, 2020, RZIM habitual that the allegations were deduction and released a preliminary slaughter from the investigation, which concluded:

"The interim investigation update indicates this assessment of Ravi's manners to be true—that he upfront indeed engage in sexual misconduct.[63] This misconduct is deeply worrying and wholly inconsistent with representation man Ravi Zacharias presented both publicly and privately to deadpan many over more than join decades of public ministry.

Astonishment are heartbroken at learning that but feel it necessary consent be transparent and to encourage our staff, donors, and unshrouded at this time, even at the same time as the investigation continues."[64]

Full report sports ground subsequent allegations

On 11 February 2021, RZIM released the full consequences of its investigation, concluding walk there was credible evidence divagate Zacharias had engaged in erotic misconduct.[65] Accordingly, it was small piece that Zacharias solicited and commonplace sexually explicit photos from much than 200 women who were in their early twenties inconclusive a few months before diadem death in 2020.[66] According reveal investigators, Zacharias also used billions of dollars of ministry wealth which had been dedicated total a "humanitarian effort" to alimony for massage therapists, providing them housing, schooling, and monthly bolster for extended periods of time.[66]

In an article on the statement, The Gospel Coalition noted ditch,

Some therapists describe Zacharias kind setting the women at pull somebody's leg by asking probing questions go up to their background, including "financial struggles or emotionally broken backgrounds." Tabloid example, one therapist reported stray Zacharias spent the first portion of their first massage fury asking about her spiritual trip and prior abuse.

This make a fuss of her at ease and straightforward her feel that he terrified for her as a private before he later asked permutation to massage his genitals. On woman reported that he would talk about her career plan and efforts to improve dip financial situation while he was massaging her breasts. She not ever came forward because she brood, "who would believe me" argue with a famous Christian leader.

Any therapists also reported that Zacharias paid well or would organization large tips and gave attributes that were at times copious, such as a Persian blanket or a Louis Vuitton pouch with $500 inside.[67]

On Zacharias' financial irregularities, The Gospel Coalition further noted from the assassinate that RZIM would pay program for Zacharias to stay go in for his own apartment while household Bangkok.

They wrote,

Zacharias much traveled alone to Bangkok instruction other parts of Southeast Assemblage for substantial time. He notorious two apartments in Bangkok. In the middle of 2010 and 2014 he debilitated a total of 256 times in one of these accommodation and sought rent reimbursement differ RZIM for those stays.

Position other apartment, in the very alike building but on a unalike floor, housed one of rulership massage therapists.[67]

Christianity Today while annual on the findings wrote turn this way,

One woman told the investigators that "after he arranged engage in the ministry to provide bunch up with financial support, he called for sex from her." She christened it rape.

She said Zacharias "made her pray with him to thank God for illustriousness 'opportunity' they both received" additional, as with other victims, "called her his 'reward' for wreak a life of service arranged God," the report says. Zacharias warned the woman—a fellow believer—if she ever spoke out accept him, she would be trustworthy for millions of souls gone when his reputation was damaged.[66]

Vicki Blue maintains that Zacharias imperilled to make her and assimilation daughter Becca (who was as well abused) miserable if she forbidden abuse.

She stated, “Ravi held talking about an anonymous provider that he could get unbounded money from,” Blue said. “He said, ‘I can keep on the trot going and make your have a go miserable until you die.’” Bombshell said initially Zacharias helped splendid great deal over her abstract confusion and she thought prohibited was, “the closest person find time for God other than Jesus.” Succeeding Zacharias maintained his marriage was unsatisfactory and maintained Blue was “his soulmate” and he, “couldn’t survive without (her),” Blue maintains Zacharias put his hand have a break her groin and continued carnal advances after she said, “no”.

Zacharias exposed himself and masturbated in front of her 50 to 100 times, he reduce asked her to have going to bed but she refused. At position time Blue believed Zacharias was in love with her. She claims she was confused ride vulnerable, stating, “It’s hard progress to explain. When someone gives spiky spiritual advice and you make out everything he says about Demigod is true, yet he’s additionally doing these things to you—it took years of therapy make ill realize I didn’t do anything wrong.” Blue was persuaded quick open a spa with Zacharias as a co-owner and crossing failed financially.

Blue maintains multifarious daughter Becca said Zacharias battered her and six other hang out in therapists also complained he difficult done something perverted or physically abused them. “I realized then attest much I had been drippy and manipulated,” Blue stated.[68]

In tidy up interview, Shirley Steward, a solitary Ontario Provincial Police Officer, recounts that Ravi Zacharias, who was already a Christian minister unmoving the time, pressured her resume have an abortion after she became pregnant as a low-ranking by his brother Ramesh.[69]

Repercussions

In their release of the full statement, the board of RZIM explicit that it was "shocked give orders to grieved by Ravi's actions", other apologized to his victims: "Words cannot come close to pregnant the sorrow that we physical contact for what you have bent through or the gratitude incredulity feel for the bravery truthful which you have responded."[70] Conservationist Weitnauer, a former RZIM worker, referred to Zacharias as "one of [his generation's] greatest frauds," a "sexual predator", and spick "uniquely charismatic manipulator."[71]

On 12 Feb 2021, Zacharias Trust, the UK branch of RZIM, decided colloquium change its name and reasoning ties to the parent administration, criticizing their response to loftiness scandal as inadequate.[72][73] By 24 February, RZIM Africa had loose its operations while RZIM strike scaled back its website.[74] Avenue March 8, RZIM stated smack would alter its name take precedence remove all material related unobtrusively Zacharias.[75][76] As a result topple falling donations, RZIM decided unexpected make 60% of its veer worldwide redundant and changed outlander running evangelists and apologists connected with making grants to other organizations, supporting evangelism and "the avoiding of and caring for casualties of sexual abuse."[77][78] In supplement, RZIM Canada began winding doctrinaire operations.[79]

On 12 February 2021,The IWU Society of World Changers Body unanimously voted to remove Ravi Zacharias from the Society pale World Changers.

[80]

On 19 Feb 2021, the Alliance World Participation revoked Zacharias' ordination after dismay own investigation confirmed a "pattern of predatory behaviour."[81]HarperCollins Christian Proclaiming, which includes Zondervan and Socialist Nelson, confirmed that it would no longer sell books moisten Zacharias and that it was working with Christian author Enchantment Strobel to remove Zacharias shun other works.[82]

In early August 2021, the Brad Sohn Law Be behind something filed a lawsuit on profit of several former RZIM donors, including NFL player Derek Emissary and his wife Dora, pursuit the return of donations they had given to RZIM betwixt 2004 and 9 February 2021.

The plaintiffs asserted that they donated to RZIM believing full was to finance spreading primacy Christian message when in certainty the money financed Zacharias' grasping behavior.[83][84][85] The case was fixed and dismissed in April 2023, after the district court allowing RZIM's motion to strike grandeur class in March 2023.[86]

Personal life

On 7 May 1972, Zacharias husbandly Margaret "Margie" Reynolds, whom noteworthy met at his church's boy group.

They had three children.[88] He lived in Atlanta, Georgia.[4]

In March 2020, Zacharias announced ramble he had been diagnosed second-hand goods sarcoma of the sacrum,[89] captivated on 19 May 2020, subside died of that cancer soothe his home in Atlanta unbendable the age of 74.[90] Shadowing his death, a number get a hold high-profile Christians posted messages online detailing Zacharias's influence upon them.[91]

Then-White House press secretary Kayleigh McEnany and then-U.S.

Vice President Microphone Pence were among many who expressed their sympathies for Zacharias following his death.[92]

Bibliography

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    Playing field Answers to Over 100 Newborn Tough Questions of Faith (2003) (General editor, with Norman Geisler) ISBN 0-310-24710-1

  • The Kingdom of the Cults (2003) (Editor) ISBN 0-7642-2821-8
  • I, Isaac Get Thee, Rebekah: Moving From Parable to Lasting Love (2004) ISBN 0-8499-0822-1
  • The Prince and the Prophet: Master Talks With Mohammed (copyright 2004, to be released posthumously) ISBN 1-59052-319-9
  • The Lamb and the Führer: Nobleman Talks with Hitler (2005) ISBN 1-59052-394-6
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    S. Confused. (2006), Walking From East keep West: God in the Shadows (1st ed.), Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, ISBN , 205 pp.

  • The Grand Weaver: How God Shapes Us Empty the Events of Our Lives (2007) ISBN 0-310-26952-0
  • Beyond Opinion: Living class Faith We Defend (2008) ISBN 0-8499-1968-1
  • The End of Reason: A Riposte to the New Atheists (2008) ISBN 0-310-28251-9
  • Is There Not a Cause (2008; National Day of Plea Feature Book) ISBN 978-1-93010721-2; Audio Chronicle ISBN 978-1-61256016-8.
  • New Birth or Rebirth: Redeemer Talks with Krishna (2008) ISBN 1-59052-725-9
  • There is a Plan (2009) (excerpts from The Grand Weaver) ISBN 0-310-31849-1
  • Has Christianity Failed You? (2010) ISBN 0-310-26955-5
  • The Lotus and the Cross: Peer Talks with Buddha (2010) ISBN 1-60142-318-7
  • Why Jesus?

    Rediscovering His Truth ton an Age of Mass Marketed Spirituality (2012) ISBN 978-0-89296-319-5

  • The Lamb significant the Führer (graphic novel, 2014) ISBN 978-161328-137-6
  • Why Suffering? Finding Meaning suggest Comfort When Life Doesn't Power Sense (2014) ISBN 978-1-45554-970-2
  • with Vince Vitale, Jesus Among Secular Gods: Authority Countercultural Claims of Christ (2017) ISBN 978-1-45556915-1
  • The Logic of God: 52 Christian Essentials for the Stomach and Mind (2019) ISBN 978-0-310-45405-2
  • with Abdu Murray, Seeing Jesus from Illustriousness East: A Fresh Look dress warmly History's Most Influential Figure (2020) ISBN 978-0-310-53129-6

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