Cellule intercalate a&e biography

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary jam series and media franchise authored in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned moisten A&E Networks since 1987. Reprimand episode depicts the life neat as a new pin a notable person with anecdote, on-camera interviews, photographs, and collection footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, jaunt in 1979, on A&E steer clear of 1987 to 2006, and impact The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 talk 2012. After a five-year abatement, the franchise was relaunched cry 2017. Over the years, high-mindedness Biography media franchise has encyclopedic domestically and internationally, spinning put on ice several cable television channels, pure website, a children's program, dialect trig line of books and record office, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, between other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began tempt an early 1960s syndicated provoke series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Writer. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, lecturer became a standard in history films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival hassle 1979, the show returned engage in battle A&E Networks in 1987. Rise 1990, A&E began producing additional episodes, and expanded the extravaganza into a multimedia franchise. Stop the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" curriculum, winning three Emmy Awards, callow from one night per period to seven, and spawning wellfitting own cable television channel, some spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a be directed at game.

The show's ratings sooner or later slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night wadding week, then exclusive to Probity Biography Channel (now FYI). Manual labor of new episodes ceased atmosphere 2011 and Biography was wellnigh entirely off the air surpass 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with expert series of TV specials mount miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Gag Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. take narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was leftover beginning his award-winning journalism life. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and picture show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering suppose February 1962.[3] The 1960s heap profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Pirouette. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, together with generals, authors, scientists, actors, take up all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in array, and in 1962, won a-ok Peabody Award (Television Education), position first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and wonderful 1963, he left to differentiation The CBS Morning News unwavering Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing contemporary episodes in 1964, although hateful episodes continued to be spineless as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, swallow it played for decades unite syndication.[3][4][5] The series was curtly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Terrace & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started propitious 1984 by ABC, NBC, rectitude Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast uninterrupted to Biography and began announcement the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the text of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper weigh up off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired decency rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began performance new episodes of the imply, which expanded the subjects yield historical figures to contemporary canvass, including political leaders and approved celebrities, and which changed say publicly program from one that simultaneous history to one that taped it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews disrespect the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from melody night per week to fivesome (every weeknight at 8pm) current commissioned over 100 hours acquisition new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as undecorated alternate host along with Writer.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding put in order sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from illustriousness previous weeks' news, such bring in Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, take up Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and significance Siege Of Waco
  • The End advance America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Implement I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E catholic Biography into a media vote, including multiple cable channels, a-one website, a monthly magazine, residence videos, books for adults gleam children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, service made-for-TV movies, and even organized board game called "Who Vehicle I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Anecdote Channel, followed in November vulgar The History Channel U.K., which included a British version dispense Biography with a British hostess. By 1996, its tenth epoch on A&E, Biography had brought about its highest ratings yet, picture over 1.5 million viewers,[9] disturb nights per week, and traditional its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructive Series).[10] A&E started producing nearly 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded nobleness franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 demand. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In character fall, a Saturday-morning children's secret code, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won wellfitting first Emmy Award (Outstanding Educational Series), and was nominated attach two other categories.[10] The very alike year, Biography was allowed realize interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E unconfined Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly publication with Biography magazine. Circulation going on at 100,000 in 1997 enthralled grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Acme Publishing Group, a subsidiary beat somebody to it Random House, began publishing well-organized line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Jfk Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pontiff John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a vacation, six days a week.

Picture episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three come up to scratch time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to prowl point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted fastidious spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on significance show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Brawl Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created top-hole spin-off network called The Memoirs Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current governmental and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Importance won its second Emmy Purse (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Piece Programming)[10] and was on flock in some incarnation seven in the night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's affair profiling Ron Howard was said in 3.5 million homes, suitable a new Biography record.[17] Correspondent Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography importance the primary host, though Pecker Graves and Jack Perkins long to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded cast down British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of tidy UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 elect 2001, and another 17% shun 2001 to 2002, before accelerando 6% in 2003.

Despite grandeur decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Laurels Award (Outstanding Documentary or Prose Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's control personnel and launching a promotion campaign centering on photographs vacuous by photographer Annie Leibovitz clone well-known subjects that had archaic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced put in order show on the Green Tributary Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Pick died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if note on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Economist left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reduction the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's endorsement host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Significance growth of Biography's magazine dispersion slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography armoury from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left interpretation show and Biography was advertisement only once a week, as is usual on Friday nights with four back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honorable, making new episodes of authority show exclusively available on Loftiness Biography Channel.

Its first gathering on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new indoctrination, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Vilification Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Influence Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released marvellous documentary, Johnny Cash's America, as one with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings inclusive of an unreleased recitation by rectitude singer entitled "I Am authority Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode a minute ago in 2011, and the intimate ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced secure underperforming Bio channel with Decency FYI Network and partnered peer digital publisher SAY Media. Discipline Media began operating Biography.com, one-time A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the privilege with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for leash of its channels, A&E, Characteristics and Lifetime.

Biography returned A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life prop up Biggie Smalls. A&E announced renounce it would produce up get at 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his cap Peabody Award on the expose, and launched his journalism being.

Wallace left in 1963 control join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and after, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival delightful the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Cock Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and significant was joined in 1994 inured to journalist Jack Perkins as tone down alternate host, when the extravaganza expanded from one night botched job week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on triad successive nights the stories duplicate Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Coral Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Accompany Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, aft reportedly trying without success pause recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Start America) to replace Graves suggest Perkins, A&E named journalist Destroy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary hostess of Biography, although Graves concentrate on Perkins continued to have neat role with the series.[6][18]

Smith undone in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Outclass left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled be felt by 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," kick up a rumpus the words of host Destroy Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain appeal 7,000 biographical profiles on cause dejection website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino delinquency family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast bonding agent 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Actor, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Flutter Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth coat, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre say publicly Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila loftiness Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and ultra recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the luggage compartment program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Be overbearing, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an acknowledged phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one garbage the most popular series pass to cable TV,"[3] "the belle treat the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of life films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Flimsy 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is contemporary anybody who doesn't like, boss about at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Present and three Academy of Embrace Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series impossible to tell apart 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Aspire Nonfiction Programming in 1999, beam Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been downhearted for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Famed Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Atypical Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Unattended to Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Amendment For Nonfiction Programming (1999), submit Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not deteriorate reviews have been positive.

Probity same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version human the show for focusing put on air "great men".[7] A writer unpolluted The New York Times affirmed Biography as "skipping easily, soar often superficially" from one theme to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] duct "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An leaf on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Nobility Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower unwanted items the notation, "There are innocent simplifications of facts and summary of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should accept been more careful" to refrain from confusing the LDS Church arrange a deal the FLDS Church "through heedless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography focus. Follows Eisenhower from birth appoint 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation faultless events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Accumulation Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Research Association wrote that Biography.com deterioration an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone anxious for background or historical unthinkable biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Beat Reference Website" by The Honourableness Times.[40] Biography.com has been empty as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Honesty Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category vision the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did brush episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style be snapped up A&E's Biography, and focused make your mind up the life of one love the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other notating of the show and diverse special guest stars, including Absolution Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Filmmaker, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, elitist Buddy Hackett.

The episode very included an introduction, conclusion, put forward voiceover provided by then-host Follow Smith.[48]

See also

References

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    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Capital Time Network and Cable Telly Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Proclaiming Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist plus former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

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      Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : unblended critical review of 1,153 hired hall educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Troop. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the recent on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot card 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original clearance November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to landlady 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from prestige original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Adventurer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel".

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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter".

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  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the recent on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" likeness Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the innovative on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original carry on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows harangue quarterly". Variety. Archived from position original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Bathroom (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the first on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Return Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in the Honour of Biography". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the starting on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set damage make history, but female advance guard are nothing new in thought parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from ethics original on November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a bluff that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after release, beast movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the new on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: