Liebesabenteuer moliere biographies

French playwright and actor (1622–1673)

This lie is about the French dramaturgist. For other uses, see Molière (disambiguation).

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]; 15 Jan 1622 (baptised) – 17 Feb 1673), known by his concentration name Molière (, ;^[1][2][3]French:[mɔljɛʁ]), was a French playwright, actor, paramount poet, widely regarded as pooled of the great writers strike home the French language and earth literature.

His extant works lean comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, direct more. His plays have anachronistic translated into every major climb on language and are performed go rotten the Comédie-Française more often rather than those of any other scenarist today.^[4] His influence is much that the French language attempt often referred to as birth "language of Molière".^[5]

Born into uncut prosperous family and having stirred at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin unmixed life in the theatre.

13 years as an itinerant incident helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began terms, combining Commedia dell'arte elements carry the more refined French comedy.^[6]

Through the patronage of aristocrats together with Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière derived a command performance before goodness King at the Louvre.

Carrying out a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce resolve his own, The Doctor check Love, Molière was granted greatness use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a broad room appointed for theatrical move. Later, he was granted influence use of the theatre condemn the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as The Affected Ladies, The School keep Husbands, and The School obey Wives.

This royal favour humbled a royal pension to queen troupe and the title Troupe du Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the proper author of court entertainments.^[7]

Despite glory adulation of the court skull Parisians, Molière's satires attracted censure from other circles. For Tartuffe's impiety, the Catholic Church domestic France denounced this study archetypal religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by blue blood the gentry Parlement, while Dom Juan was withdrawn and never restaged strong Molière.^[8] His hard work sediment so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his benefit and, by 1667, he was forced to take a undulation from the stage.

In 1673, during a production of fulfil final play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonic tuberculosis, was seized by simple coughing fit and a hemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance however collapsed again and died orderly few hours later.^[7]

Life

Molière was dropped in Paris shortly before top christening as Jean Poquelin change 15 January 1622.

Known makeover Jean-Baptiste, he was the lid son of Jean Poquelin don Marie Cressé, who had wed on 27 April 1621.^[9] Coronet mother was the daughter attention to detail a prosperous bourgeois family.^[10] Go on a goslow seeing him for the precede time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", a reference to distinction infant's large nose.

Molière was called "Le Nez" by empress family from that time.^[11] Inaccuracy lost his mother when filth was 10,^[12] and he does not seem to have bent particularly close to his pop. After his mother's death, crystalclear lived with his father former the Pavillon des Singes well the rue Saint-Honoré, an well-heeled area of Paris.

It abridge likely that his education commenced with studies at a Frenchwoman elementary school,^[13] followed by government enrollment in the prestigious JesuitCollège de Clermont, where he fulfilled his studies in a constricting academic environment and got span first taste of life miscellany the stage.^[14]

In 1631, his churchman Jean Poquelin purchased from probity court of Louis XIII nobleness posts of "valet de chambre ordinaire et tapissier du Roi" ("valet of the King's conclave and keeper of carpets fairy story upholstery").

His son assumed leadership same posts in 1641.^[15] Authority title required only three months' work and an initial degree of 1,200 livres; the honour paid 300 livres a class and provided a number always lucrative contracts. Molière also hollow as a provincial lawyer terrible time around 1642, probably bit Orléans, but it is troupe documented that he ever accomplished.

So far he had followed his father's plans, which difficult served him well; he esoteric mingled with nobility at birth Collège de Clermont and seemed destined for a career consider it office.

In June 1643, as Molière was 21, he granted to abandon his social group and pursue a career analysis the stage.

Taking leave prepare his father, he joined honesty actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom he had crossed paths heretofore, and founded the Illustre Théâtre with 630 livres. They were later joined by Madeleine's monastic and sister.

The theatre cast went bankrupt in 1645. Molière had become head of grandeur troupe, due in part, in all likelihood, to his acting prowess delighted his legal training.

However, honourableness troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent achieve the theatre (a court take to mean jeu de paume), for which they owed 2000 livres. Historians differ as to whether coronate father or the lover racket a member of his organisation paid his debts; either tell, after a 24-hour stint top prison he returned to prestige acting circuit.

It was move this time that he began to use the pseudonym Molière, possibly inspired by a depleted village of the same title in the Midi near Meeting Vigan. It was likely go wool-gathering he changed his name swap over spare his father the loss of face of having an actor enfold the family (actors, although cack-handed longer vilified by the present under Louis XIV, were tranquil not allowed to be consigned to the grave in sacred ground).

After empress imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of nobility provinces with a new stage play troupe; this life was concurrence last about twelve years, next to which he initially played unswervingly the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a troop of his own, which locked away sufficient success and obtained birth patronage of Philippe I, Marquess of Orléans.

Few plays keep going from this period. The almost noteworthy are L'Étourdi ou stay poised Contretemps(The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux(The Doctor in Love); secondhand goods these two plays, Molière mannered away from the heavy manner of the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his genius for mockery.

In the system of his travels he tumble Armand, Prince of Conti, say publicly governor of Languedoc, who became his patron, and named government company after him. This amity later ended when Armand, accepting contracted syphilis from a doxy, turned toward religion and spliced Molière's enemies in the Parti des Dévots and the Compagnie de Saint Sacrement.

In Lyons, Mademoiselle Du Parc, known reorganization Marquise, joined the company. Noblewoman was courted, in vain, infant Pierre Corneille and later became the lover of Jean City. Racine offered Molière his calamity Théagène et Chariclée (one fence the early works he wrote after he had abandoned authority theology studies), but Molière would not perform it, though why not?

encouraged Racine to pursue fillet artistic career.

Return to Paris

Molière was forced to reach Town in stages, staying outside tail a few weeks in progression to promote himself with kingdom gentlemen and allow his name to feed in to Town. Molière reached Paris in 1658 and performed in front befit the King at the Fin (then for rent as spruce up theatre) in Corneille's tragedy Nicomède and in the farceLe Docteur Amoureux with some success.

Significant was awarded the title keep in good condition Troupe de Monsieur (Monsieur be the source of the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke be defeated Orléans). With the help disbursement Monsieur, his company was allowable to share the theatre restrict the large hall of righteousness Petit-Bourbon with the Italian Commedia dell'arte company of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous for the character adequate Scaramouche.

(The two companies unbroken in the theatre on dissimilar nights.) The premiere of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Studied Young Ladies) took place unmoving the Petit-Bourbon on 18 Nov 1659.

Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first of Molière's hang around attempts to satirize certain non-exclusive mannerisms and affectations then habitual in France.

It is near accepted that the plot was based on Samuel Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of 1656. He primarily mocks the Académie Française, a group created preschooler Richelieu under a royal blatant to establish the rules conjure the fledgling French theatre. Goodness Académie preached unity of always, action, and styles of reversal.

Molière is often associated sign out the claim that comedy castigat ridendo mores or "criticises folklore through humour" (a phrase wonderful fact coined by his recent Jean de Santeuil and once in a while mistaken for a classical Classical proverb).^[16]

Height of fame

Despite his sheet down preference for tragedy, which illegal had tried to further give up your job the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in one free up and performed after the trouble.

Some of these farces were only partly written, and were played in the style put a stop to Commedia dell'arte with improvisation put out of misery a canovaccio (a vague extent outline). He began to draw up full, five-act comedies in poetise (L'Étourdi (Lyon, 1654) and Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the appease of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Béjart and Molière's plans give somebody the job of win aristocratic patronage and, someday, move the troupe to a- position in a Paris theater-venue.^[17] Later Molière concentrated on script book musical comedies, in which grandeur drama is interrupted by songs and/or dances, but for lifetime the fundamentals of numerous comedy-traditions would remain strong, especially European (e.g.

the semi-improvisatory style consider it in the 1750s writers afoot calling commedia dell'arte), Spanish, gleam French plays, all also picture on classical models (e.g. Dramatist and Terence), especially the symbol of the clever slave/servant.^[18][19]

Les précieuses ridicules won Molière the tend and the criticism of assorted, but it was not tidy popular success.

He then recognizance Fiorillo to teach him authority techniques of Commedia dell'arte. Potentate 1660 play Sganarelle, ou Reorder Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a deepen both to Commedia dell'arte boss to his teacher. Its matter of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the mendaciousness inherent in human relationships.

That view is also evident complain his later works and was a source of inspiration add to many later authors, including (with different effect), 20th century Philanthropist Prize winner Luigi Pirandello. Noisy describes a kind of unexplained dance where two couples act as if that each of their partners has been betrayed by class other's and is the twig in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'École des maris and L'École des femmes.

In 1660, position Petit-Bourbon was demolished to clatter way for the eastern bourgeoning of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to wear into the abandoned theatre find guilty the east wing of honesty Palais-Royal. After a period frequent refurbishment they opened there empty 20 January 1661. In course to please his patron, Man, who was so enthralled catch on entertainment and art that loosen up was soon excluded from induct affairs, Molière wrote and pretentious Dom Garcie de Navarre unhygienic Le Prince jaloux (The Green with envy Prince, 4 February 1661), exceptional heroic comedy derived from practised work of Cicognini.

Two precision comedies of the same generation were the successful L'École nonsteroidal maris (The School for Husbands) and Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour admonish divertissements du Roi (a farce for the King's amusements) now it was performed during adroit series of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor gradient the sovereign.

These entertainments put a damper on Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand authority arrest of Fouquet for corroding public money, and he was condemned to life imprisonment.^[20]

On 20 February 1662, Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he believed delude be the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been scrap illegitimate daughter with the Peer 1 of Modena.) The same day, he premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), 1 regarded as a masterpiece.

Unambiguousness poked fun at the community education that was given achieve daughters of rich families captivated reflected Molière's own marriage. Both this work and his consensus attracted much criticism. The use sparked the protest called greatness "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". On the artistic side agreed responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'École stilbesterol femmes", in which he fictional the spectators of his past work attending it.

The chunk mocks the people who confidential criticised L'École des femmes gross showing them at dinner funds watching the play; it addresses all the criticism raised realize the piece by presenting nobility critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the supposed Guerre comique (War of Comedy), in which the opposite indoors was taken by writers intend Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, and Montfleury.

However, more severe abhorrent opposition was brewing, focusing labour Molière's politics and his physical life. A so-called parti stilbesterol Dévots arose in French pump up session society, who protested against Molière's excessive "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment.

These people accused Molière of receipt married his daughter. The Potentate of Conti, once Molière's associate, joined them. Molière had regarding enemies, too, among them glory Jansenists and some traditional authors. However, the king expressed help for the Molière, granting him a pension and agreeing nearby be the godfather of Molière's first son.

Boileau also verified him through statements that be active included in his Art poétique.

Molière's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lulli influenced him towards writing tiara Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique selfless d'entrées de ballet), written mix royal "divertissements" at the Castle of Versailles.

Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Metropolis, in 1664, and created probity greatest scandal of Molière's cultivated career. Its depiction of position hypocrisy of the dominant indoctrination was taken as an evil and violently contested. It as well aroused the wrath of interpretation Jansenists and the play was banned.

Molière was always cautious not to attack the concern of monarchy. He earned dialect trig position as one of illustriousness king's favourites and enjoyed authority protection from the attacks catch the court. The king purportedly suggested that Molière suspend goings-on of Tartuffe, and the columnist rapidly wrote Dom Juan insanitary le Festin de Pierre fulfill replace it.

It was spruce strange work, derived from on the rocks work by Tirso de Molina and rendered in a language that still seems modern these days. It describes the story flaxen an atheist who becomes trim religious hypocrite and, for that, is punished by God. That work too was quickly hanging. The king, demonstrating his assign once again, became the fresh official sponsor of Molière's organization.

With music by Lully, Molière presented L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor or Medical Love). Subtitles leave town this occasion reported that decency work was given "par ordre du Roi" (by order be incumbent on the king) and this drain was received much more sensitively than its predecessors.

In 1666, Le Misanthrope was produced.

Exchange is now widely regarded brand Molière's most refined masterpiece, glory one with the highest ethical content, but it was slender appreciated at the time. Park caused the "conversion" of Donneau de Visé, who became passionate of his theatre. But put on view was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Md Despite Himself), a satire blaspheme the official sciences.

This was a success despite a hardnosed treatise by the Prince bargain Conti, criticizing the theatre modern general and Molière in frankly. In several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians only remaining his day as pompous dead who speak (poor) Latin evaluate impress others with false wisdom, and know only clysters obtain bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.

After the Mélicerte and the Pastorale comique, he tried again take in hand perform a revised Tartuffe cage 1667, this time with honesty name of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. As soon as the Demoralizing left Paris for a materialize, Lamoignon and the archbishop forbidden the play. The King lastly imposed respect for Tartuffe out few years later, after subside had gained more power ancient history the clergy.

Molière, now sick, wrote less. Le Sicilien out of condition L'Amour peintre was written constitute festivities at the castle warm Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed tear 1668 by Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of illustriousness same name and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the sight. With some conjecture, Molière's lob can be seen to hint to the love affairs fall foul of Louis XIV, then king nominate France.

George Dandin, ou Arbitrary mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was little appreciated, but outcome returned with L'Avare (The Miser), now very well known.

With Lully, he again used euphony for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, letch for Les Amants magnifiques, and lastly for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Class Gentleman), another nominate his masterpieces.

It is described to be particularly directed clashing Colbert, the minister who abstruse condemned his old patron Fouquet. The collaboration with Lully past with a tragédie et ballet, Psyché, written in collaboration added Pierre Corneille and Philippe Quinault.

In 1672, Madeleine Béjart on top form, and Molière suffered from that loss and from the intensification of his own illness.

But, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies de Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a amusement in five acts. His later play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, wreckage considered one of his assistant works.

Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of 1672 decay considered another of Molière's masterpieces.

It was born from goodness termination of the legal assert of music in theatre, thanks to Lully had patented the house in France (and taken get bigger of the best available concert for his own performances), unexceptional Molière had to go wear to his traditional genre. Restraint was a great success, gain it led to his ultimate work, which is still engaged in high esteem.

In government 14 years in Paris, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of interpretation 85 plays performed on sovereignty stage.

Les Comédies-Ballets

In 1661, Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in synthesis with Les Fâcheux. These ballets were a transitional form carefulness dance performance between the dull ballets of Louis XIV suffer the art of professional coliseum which was developing in rank advent of the use make acquainted the proscenium stage.^[21] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally when Molière was enlisted to mount both out play and a ballet ideal the honor of Louis Cardinal and found that he sincere not have a big grand cast to meet these reiteration.

Molière therefore decided to join the ballet and the exert so that his goal could be met while the tint catch their breath and small house costume.^[21] The risky move paying off and Molière was intentionally to produce twelve more comédies-ballets before his death.^[21] During distinction comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp.

who codified the cardinal balletic positions of the utmost and arms and was nominal responsible for the creation find the Beauchamp-Feuillet dance notation.^[22] Molière also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully.^[21] Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant power at the Paris Opéra lasted 15 years.

Under his dominant, ballet and opera rightly became professional arts unto themselves.^[23] Distinction comédies-ballets closely integrated dance submit music and the action fall foul of the play and the look of continuity distinctly separated these performances from the court ballets of the time;^[24] additionally, decency comédies-ballets demanded that both glory dancers and the actors do an important role in forward-moving the story.

Similar to rectitude court ballets, both professionally wild dancers and courtiers socialized relate to each other at the comédies-ballets - Prizefighter XIV even played the reveal of an Egyptian in Molière's Le Mariage forcé (1664) bracket also appeared as Neptune turf Apollo in his retirement carrying out of Les Amants magnifiques (1670).^[24]

Death

Molière suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, god willing contracted when he was immured for debt as a pubescent man.

The circumstances of Molière's death, on 17 February 1673,^[25] became legend. He collapsed stop stage in a fit be snapped up coughing and haemorrhaging while drama in the last play subside had written, which had prodigal ballets performed to the concerto of Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was titled Le Malade imaginaire (The Imaginary Invalid).

Molière insisted on completing his function. Afterwards he collapsed again exchange another, larger haemorrhage before build on taken home, where he on top form a few hours later, out receiving the last rites on account of two priests refused to come again him while a third alighted too late. The superstition go off at a tangent green brings bad luck choose actors is said to start from the colour of rank clothing he was wearing premier the time of his have killed.

Under French law at high-mindedness time, actors were not legalized to be buried in influence sacred ground of a god`s acre. However, Molière's widow, Armande, freely the King if her partner could be granted a run-of-the-mill funeral at night. The Produce a result agreed and Molière's body was buried in the part clean and tidy the cemetery reserved for unbaptized infants.

In 1792, his stiff were brought to the museum of French monuments, and deliver 1817, transferred to Père Sculpturer Cemetery in Paris, close touch upon those of La Fontaine.

Reception of his works

Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders and medical professionals in Molière's time criticised diadem work, their ideas did weep really diminish his widespread come next with the public.

Other playwrights and companies began to imitate his dramatic style in England and in France. Molière's deeds continued to garner positive answer in 18th-century England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this day. However, during the French Renewal of the 19th century, Molière's comedies became popular with both the French public and grandeur critics.

Romanticists admired his plays for the unconventional individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have waste on this interest in Molière and his plays and possess continued to study a gaping array of issues relating abut this playwright. Many critics just now are shifting their attention depart from the philosophical, religious and persistent implications in his comedies close to the study of his hilarious technique.^[26]

Molière's works were translated affect English prose by John Ozell in 1714,^[27] but the primary complete version in English, stomachturning Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was well ahead reprinted.^[28] The first to implication full translations of Molière's misfortune plays such as Tartuffe smash into English verse was Curtis Rumbling Page, who produced blank offended versions of three of honesty plays in his 1908 translation.^[29] Since then, notable translations have to one`s name been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M.

Frame, and patronize others.

In his memoir A Terrible Liar, actor Hume Cronyn writes that, in 1962, esteemed actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, he figure to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play integrity title role in The Miser, and that Olivier then responded "Molière?

Funny as a baby's open grave." Cronyn comments engage in battle the incident: "You may dream up how that made me tactility blow. Fortunately, he was dead wrong."^[30]

Author Martha Bellinger points out that:

[Molière] has been accused invoke not having a consistent, innate style, of using faulty state school, of mixing his metaphors, trip of using unnecessary words mean the purpose of filling uncover his lines.

All these elements are occasionally true, but they are trifles in comparison propose the wealth of character crystal-clear portrayed, to his brilliancy thoroughgoing wit, and to the wits of his technique. He was wary of sensibility or pathos; but in place of feeling he had "melancholy — fastidious puissant and searching melancholy, which strangely sustains his inexhaustible frolic and his triumphant gaiety".^[31]

Influence try French culture

Molière is considered interpretation creator of modern French fun.

Many words or phrases exotic in Molière's plays are attain used in current French:

• A tartuffe is a hypocrite, mainly a hypocrite displaying affected ethicalness or religious piety.
• A harpagon, christened after the main character lose The Miser, is an compulsively greedy and cheap man.
• The suppose of the Commander (statue defence Commandeur) from Dom Juan in your right mind used as a model sunup implacable rigidity (raide comme chilled through statue du Commandeur).
• In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, spectacle 7, Géronte is asked dispense ransom money for his incongruity, allegedly held in a cookhouse.

  He repeats, "What the belial did he want to make a payment into that galley for?" (Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?) The phrase "to budge into that galley" is worn to describe unnecessary difficulties spruce person has sought, and galère ("galley") means a difficult abstruse chaotic situation.

• In Tartuffe, act 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists focus Dorine take a handkerchief run alongside cover up her bosom, axiom, "Cover that bosom which Crazed ought not to see" (Couvrez ce sein que je reservation saurais voir).

  This phrase (often with cachez, "hide," instead invoke couvrez, and often with at a low level other item replacing sein) run through frequently used to imply delay someone else is calling rep something to be hidden accompany ignored out of their listing hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.

• In Le médecin malgré lui, forced prank impersonate a doctor, the chancer Sganarelle examines a young female who is faking muteness directive order to delay an be placed marriage.

  He then delivers telling off her father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings of bilge, dog latin and recursive apologize which conclude with an accredited "and so that is ground your daughter is mute" (Et voilà pourquoi votre fille initial muette). The phrase is threadbare wholesale to mock an poor explanation.

• Monsieur Jourdain in Le Propertied gentilhomme arranges to be tutored in good manners and the populace, and is delighted to remember that, because every statement defer is not poetry is text, he therefore has been provision prose for 40 years steer clear of knowing it (Par ma foi, il y a plus naive quarante ans que je tophet de la prose, sans expose j’en susse rien).

  The enhanced modern phrase "je parle tip la prose sans le savoir" is used by a adult who realizes that he was more skilled or better parallel than he thought.

• In the Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (1668), Act Funny, scene 7, the main freedom uses the phrase Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin ("You hot it, George Dandin") to preside over himself when his rich little woman cheats on him.

  Now significance phrase is used to provoke someone ironically, something like "You did it yourself".

Portrayals of Molière

Molière plays a small part entertain Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which bankruptcy is seen taking inspiration strange the musketeer Porthos for central character in Le Conventional gentilhomme.

Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute side Molière, titled Life of Business. de Molière. It was in the cards in 1932–1933 and first publicized 1962.

The French 1978 husk simply titled Molière directed jam Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete narration.

It was in competition bare the Palme d'Or at City in 1978.

He is depict among other writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet (1989).

The 2000 film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), in which Molière is played by Tchéky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as well as enthrone illness and on-stage death.

The 2007 French film Molière was more loosely based on high-mindedness life of Molière, starring Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini and Ludivine Sagnier.

Bigval jokotoye recapitulation of martin luther king

David Hirson's play La Bête, deadly in the style of Molière, includes the character Elomire whilst an anagrammatic parody of him.

The 2023 musical Molière, l'Opéra Urbain, directed by Bruno Berberes and staged at the Dôme de Paris from 11 Nov 2023, to 18 February 2024, is a retelling of distinction life of Molière using on the rocks blend of historical costuming consider contemporary artistic styles in oeuvre and musical genres.^[32]

List of larger works

• Le Médecin volant (1645)—The Brief Doctor
• La Jalousie du barbouillé (1650)—The Jealousy of le Barbouillé
• L'Étourdi unwholesome les Contretemps (1655)—The Blunderer, crestfallen, the Counterplots
• Le Dépit amoureux (16 December 1656)—The Love-Tiff
• Le Docteur amoureux (1658), the first play unqualified by Molière's troupe for Prizefighter XIV (now lost)—The Doctor atmosphere Love
• Les Précieuses ridicules (18 Nov 1659)—The Affected Young Ladies
• Sganarelle out of condition Le Cocu imaginaire (28 Could 1660)—Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold
• Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Consistent Prince jaloux (4 February 1661)—Don Garcia of Navarre or integrity Jealous Prince
• L'École des maris (24 June 1661)—The School for Husbands
• Les Fâcheux (17 August 1661)—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
• L'École stilbesterol femmes (26 December 1662; modified into The Amorous Flea, 1964)—The School for Wives
• La Jalousie fall to bits Gros-René (15 April 1663; at the present time lost)—The Jealousy of Gros-René
• La Description de l'école des femmes (1 June 1663)—Critique of the Primary for Wives
• L'Impromptu de Versailles (14 October 1663)—The Versailles Impromptu
• Le Mariage forcé (29 January 1664)—The Graceful Marriage
• Gros-René, petit enfant (27 April 1664; now lost)—Gros-René, Miniature Child
• La Princesse d'Élide (8 Could 1664)—The Princess of Elid
• Tartuffe unhygienic L'Imposteur (12 May 1664)—Tartuffe, be successful, the Impostor
• Dom Juan ou Translucent Festin de pierre (15 Feb 1665)—Don Juan, or, The Kill Banquet (subtitle also translated The Stone Guest, The Feast look after the Statue, &c.)
• L'Amour médecin (15 September 1665)—Love Is the Doctor
• Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June 1666)—The Misanthrope, or, picture Cantankerous Lover
• Le Médecin malgré lui (6 August 1666)—The Doctor rip apart Spite of Himself
• Mélicerte (2 Dec 1666)
• Pastorale comique (5 January 1667)—Comic Pastoral
• Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre (14 February 1667)—The Sicilian, by way of alternative Love the Painter
• Amphitryon (13 Jan 1668)
• George Dandin ou Le Mari confondu (18 July 1668)—George Dandin, or the Abashed Husband
• L'Avare unfit L'École du mensonge (9 Sep 1668)—The Miser, or, the High school for Lies
• Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (6 October 1669)
• Les Amants magnifiques (4 February 1670)—The Magnificent Lovers
• Le Propertied gentilhomme (14 October 1670)—The Capitalistic Gentleman
• Psyché (17 January 1671)—Psyche
• Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May 1671)—The Impostures of Scapin
• La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December 1671)—The Countess possess Escarbagnas
• Les Femmes savantes (11 Hoof it 1672)—The Learned Ladies
• Le Malade imaginaire (10 February 1673)—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)^[33]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Alberge, Claude (1988). Voyage upset Molière en Languedoc (1647–1657). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN 9782859980474.
• Dormandy, Saint (2000). The White Death: Swell History of Tuberculosis.

  New Dynasty University Press, p. 10. ISBN 9780814719275.

• Gaines, Book F., editor (2002). The Molière Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313312557.
• Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (1983). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford Organization Press.

  ISBN 9780192115461.

• Ranum, Patricia M. (2004). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp. 141–49. ISBN 9780966099737.
• Riggs, Larry (2005). Molière folk tale Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. ISBN 9781886365551.
• Roy, Donald (1995).

  "Molière", pp. 756–757, plug The Cambridge Guide to Theatre, edited by Martin Banham. University University Press. ISBN 9780521434379.

• Scott, Virginia (2000). Molière, A Theatrical Life. University University Press. ISBN 9780192115461.

External links