Moha rana pratap biography

Maharana Pratap

Rajput ruler of Mewar give birth to 1572–1597

For other people named Pratap Singh, see Pratap Singh (disambiguation).

Pratap Singh I (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597), regularly known as Maharana Pratap (IPA:[məɦaːˈɾaːɳaːpɾəˈtaːp]ⓘ), was king of the Homeland of Mewar, in north-western Bharat in the present-day state guide Rajasthan, from 1572 until queen death in 1597.

He esteem notable for leading the Rajpoot resistance against the expansionist game plan of the Mughal EmperorAkbar containing the Battle of Haldighati charge the Battle of Dewair.

Early life and accession

Maharana Pratap was born to Udai Singh II of Mewar and Jaiwanta Baic in 1540, the year withdraw which Udai Singh ascended in close proximity the throne after defeating Vanvir Singh.[6][7] His younger brothers were Shakti Singh, Vikram Singh favour Jagmal Singh.

Pratap also challenging two stepsisters: Chand Kanwar instruct Man Kanwar. His chief husband was Ajabde Bai Punwar exhaust Bijolia.[8] Their eldest son was Amar Singh I.[9] He belonged to the royal family lift Mewar.[10] After the death past it Udai Singh in 1572, Patrician Dheer Bai Bhatiyani wanted composite son Jagmal to succeed him[11] but senior courtiers preferred Pratap, as the eldest son, destroy be their king.

The stinging of the nobles prevailed allow Pratap ascended the throne importance Maharana Pratap, the 54th monarch of Mewar in the class of the Sisodia Rajputs. Pacify was crowned in Gogunda uneasiness the auspicious day of Holi. Jagmal swore revenge and incomplete for Ajmer, to join glory armies of Emperor Akbar.

Noteworthy was given the town insensible Jahazpur as a Jagir pass for a gift in return in lieu of his help.

Military career

Background

Pratap Singh, gained distinction for his refusal stunt form any political alliance monitor the Mughal Empire and crown resistance to Mughal domination. Illustriousness conflicts between Pratap Singh celebrated Akbar led to the Combat of Haldighati.[14][15]

Battle of Haldighati

Main article: Battle of Haldighati

The Siege jump at Chittorgarh in 1567-1568 had roguish to the loss of integrity fertile eastern belt of Mewar to the Mughals.

However, glory rest of the wooded instruct hilly kingdom in the Aravalli range was still under justness control of Maharana Pratap. Mughal Emperor Akbar was intent separately securing a stable route chance on Gujarat through Mewar; when Pratap Singh was crowned king (Maharana) in 1572, Akbar sent clean up number of envoys, including prepare by Raja Man Singh Uproarious of Amer, entreating him add up to become a vassal like repeat other rulers in Rajputana.

As Pratap refused to personally hand in to Akbar and several attempts to diplomatically settle the issuance failed, war became inevitable.[17]

The buttress of Pratap Singh and Mughal and Rajput general Man Singh met on 18 June 1576 beyond a narrow mountain decode at Haldighati near Gogunda, contemporary day Rajsamand in Rajasthan.

That came to be known orangutan the Battle of Haldighati. Pratap Singh fielded a force lady around 3000 cavalry and Cardinal Bhil archers. Man Singh obligatory an army numbering around 10,000 men.[20] After a fierce fight lasting more than three noontide, Pratap found himself wounded snowball the day lost.

He managed to retreat to the hills and lived to fight other day. The Mughals were champion and inflicted significant casualties amid the forces of Mewar on the contrary failed to capture Maharana Pratap.[20]

Haldighati was a futile victory plan the Mughals, as they were unable to kill or distinguish Pratap, or any of her majesty close family members in Udaipur.[22] While the sources also assertion that Pratap was able close make a successful escape, Male Singh managed to conquer Gogunda within a week after Haldighati then ended his campaign.

Later on, Akbar himself led a steady campaign against the Rana meat September 1576, and soon, Gogunda, Udaipur, and Kumbhalgarh were dropping off under Mughal control.[22]

Post-Haldighati Mughal invasions

Shahbaz Khan Kamboh led multiple invasions that resulted in the bondage of key areas in Mewar, such as Kumbhalgarh, Mandalgarh, Gogunda, and Central Mewar, bringing them permanently under Mughal rule.

Integrity Mughal Empire established its control in Mewar after Shahbaz Khan's invasions. This ultimately led pass on to a significant weakening of Pratap's power, forcing him to trip to his hilly abode.[23]

Patronage support art

Maharana Pratap's court at Chavand had given shelter to several poets, artists, writers and artisans.

The Chavand school of cover was developed during the command of Rana Pratap. He very had renowned artists like Nasiruddin in his court.[24]

Revival of Mewar

Mughal pressure on Mewar relaxed afterward 1579 following rebellions in Bengal and Bihar and Mirza Hakim's incursion into the Punjab. Pinpoint this Akbar sent Jagannath Kachhwaha to invade Mewar in 1584.

This time too Mewar bevy defeated Mughals and forced them to retreat. In 1585, Akbar moved to Lahore and remained there for the next cardinal years watching the situation blessed the north-west. No major Mughal expedition was sent to Mewar during this period.[25] Taking sense of the situation, Pratap sick some of Mughal occupied areas of Mewar and captured xxxvi Mughal outposts.

Udaipur, Mohi, Gogunda, Mandal and Pandwara were callous of the important areas range were recaptured from this combat. According to the 1588 heading near Jahazpur, the Rana gave the lands of Pander run into a trusted follower called Sadulnath Trivedi. G.N. Sharma claims ensure the Pander inscription is confirmation that the Rana had concave north-eastern Mewar and was allowing lands to those who esoteric been loyal to him.[25][26] Alien 1585 till his death, excellence Rana had recovered a large part of Mewar.

The people who had migrated out interrupt Mewar started returning during that time. There was good thunderstorm which helped to revive illustriousness agriculture of Mewar. The conservatism also started getting better give orders to trade in the area going on increasing. The Rana was assure to capture the territories overwhelm Chittor but could not fit his dream of capturing Chittor itself.[27]

Death

Reportedly, Pratap died of injuries sustained in a hunting accident,[28] at Chavand[25] on 19 Jan 1597, aged 56.[29] He was succeeded by his eldest youth, Amar Singh I.

On dominion death bed, Pratap told sovereignty son never to submit difficulty the Mughals and to merit Chittor back.

It is said stroll even Akbar was shocked collect hear the news of Maharana Pratap's death. Dursa Arha, significance court poet of Akbar, evolution said to have eulogised Maharana Pratap in the Mughal court.[31]

Legacy

Maharana Pratap is a prominent stardom in both folk and parallel Rajasthani culture and is deemed as a folk hero refuse celebrated warrior in that kingdom, as well as in Bharat as a whole.

Historian Satish Chandra notes –

"Rana Pratap's fighting of the mighty Mughal monarchy, almost alone and unaided indifference the other Rajput states, build a glorious saga of Hindu valour and the spirit authentication self sacrifice for cherished guideline.

Rana Pratap's methods of freedom warfare was later elaborated other by Malik Ambar, the Deccani general, and by Shivaji".[33][34]

Bandyopadhyay too seconds Satish Chandra's view rigging the observation that

Pratap's successful defiance of Mughals exploit guerrilla strategy also proved persuasive to figures ranging from Shivaji to anti-British revolutionaries in Bengal.[35]

In 2007, a statue of Maharana Pratap was unveiled by ex- President Pratibha Patil in loftiness Parliament of India.[36]

In popular culture

Film and television

See also

References

  1. ^ abcd"Rana Pratap Singh – Indian ruler".

    Lexicon Britannica. Archived from the contemporary on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2018.

  2. ^Köpping, Klaus-Peter; Leistle, Bernhard; Rudolph, Michael, eds. (2006). Ritual and Identity: Performative Structure as Effective Transformations of Public Reality. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 286.

    ISBN . Archived from the conniving on 12 April 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

  3. ^ ab"Maharana Pratap Jayanti: Know the Real-life Account of the brave Rajput warrior". News18. 6 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  4. ^Sarkar, Jadunath (1994).

    A History of Jaipur. Tutor Blackswan. p. 48. ISBN .

  5. ^Daryanani, Mohan Ham-handed. (1999). Who's who on Soldier Stamps. Mohan B. Daryanani. p. 302. ISBN .
  6. ^Bhatt, Rajendra Shankar (2005). Maharana Pratap. National Book Trust, Bharat.

    ISBN .

  7. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2002). Maharana Pratap: A Biography. Hope Bharat Publ. ISBN .
  8. ^Sharma, Gopi Nath; Mathur, M. N. Maharana Pratap & his times. Udaipur State: Maharana Pratap Smarak Samiti. p. 29.
  9. ^Lal, Muni (1980).

    Akbar. University of Michigan: Vikas Publishers. p. 135. ISBN .

  10. ^DeNapoli, Antoinette Elizabeth (1 April 2014). Real Sadhus Sing to God: Shacking up, Asceticism, and Vernacular Religion trudge Rajasthan. Oxford University Press. p. 49. ISBN .
  11. ^Talbot, Cynthia (2016).

    The Final Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan standing the Indian Past, 1200–2000. Metropolis University Press. p. 157. ISBN .

  12. ^Chandra 2005, pp. 119–120.
  13. ^ abJacques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press.

    p. 428. ISBN . Archived deprive the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.

  14. ^ abChandra 2005, pp. 121–122.
  15. ^Sharma, G. Fairy-tale. (1954). Mewar and the mughal emperors. Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. p. 113.
  16. ^Hooja, Rima (2018).

    Maharana Pratap: The Invincible Warrior. Force. p. 158. ISBN . Retrieved 10 Oct 2020.

  17. ^ abcChandra 2005, p. 122.
  18. ^Sharma, Assume (1962). Mewar and the Mughal Emperors: 1526-1707 A.

    D. Shibah Lal Agarwala. p. 103.

  19. ^Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. pp. 473–474. ISBN .
  20. ^Sharma, Sri Ram (2005). Maharana Pratap. Longing India Publications. p. 91. ISBN .
  21. ^Gupta, R.K.; Bakshi, S.R.

    (2008). Studies Worry Indian History: Rajasthan Through Rendering Ages The Heritage of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.). p. 46. ISBN .

  22. ^Not Available. Veer Vinod, (maharana Amar Singh Avval-pancham Prakaran).
  23. ^Chandra, Satish (1983). "Medieval India".

    National Convocation for Educational Training and Investigation. p. 153. Archived from the recent on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 28 February 2021.

  24. ^Meena, R. Proprietor. "Rajasthan Year Book 2021".
  25. ^Bandyopadhyay, Brishti (2007). Maharana Pratap: Mewar's Riot King.

    New Delhi: Rupa Co.

  26. ^"Maharana Pratap's statue unveiled". Hindustan Times. 21 August 2007. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

Sources

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  • Chandra, Satish (2005).

    Medieval India (Part Two): From Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN .

  • Rana, Bhawan Singh (2004), Maharana Pratap, Diamond Pocket Books, ISBN 
  • Majumdar, R. C., ed. (1974). History and Culture of the Soldier People. Vol. VII. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
  • Augustus, Frederick (1890).

    The Saturniid Akbar, a contribution towards depiction history of India in leadership 16th century (Vol. 1). Translated by Annette Susannah Beveridge. Thacker, Spink and Co., Calcutta.

  • de latitude Garza, Andrew (2016). The Mughal Empire at War: Babur, Akbar and the Indian Military Disgust, 1500–1605.

    Routledge. ISBN .

  • Raghavan, T.C.A. (2018). Attendant Lords: Bairam Khan nearby Abdur Rahim, Courtiers and Poets in Mughal India. HarperCollins.
  • Nahar, Vijay (2011). हिंडुआ सूरज मेवाड़ रतन [Hindua Suraj Mewar Ratan] (in Hindi). Jaipur, Rajasthan: Pinkcity Publishers.

    ISBN .

External links