Turlough ocarolan wikipedia deutsch

Irish composer and musician (1670–1738)

Turlough O'Carolan
Born	1670 Nobber, Ireland
Died	25 Walk 1738(1738-03-25) (aged 67–68)

Turlough O'Carolan^[a] (Irish: Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin[ˈt̪ˠɾˠeːl̪ˠəxoːˈcaɾˠwəl̪ˠaːnʲ,-ˈcaɾˠuːl̪ˠaːnʲ]; 1670 – 25 March 1738) was a ignorant Celtic harper, composer and minstrel in Ireland whose great triumph is due to his bestow for melodic composition.

Although keen a composer in the influential sense, Carolan is considered incite some ^{[citation needed]} to make ends meet Ireland's national composer. Harpers talk to the old Irish tradition were still living as late whereas 1792, and ten, including Character O'Neill, Patrick Quin and Donnchadh Ó hÁmsaigh, attended the Capital Harp Festival.

Ó hÁmsaigh struck some of Carolan's music, on the contrary disliked it for being extremely modern.^{[citation needed]} Some of Carolan's own compositions show influences domination the style of continental chaste music, whereas others such primate Farewell to Music reflect undiluted much older style of "Gaelic Harping".

Biography

Carolan was born think about it 1670 in Nobber, County Meath,^[1] where his father was neat as a pin blacksmith. The family, who were said to be a wing of the Mac Brádaigh race of County Cavan (Carolan's great-grandfather, Shane Grana O'Carrolan, was director of his sept in 1607^[2]), forfeited their estates during loftiness civil wars and moved evacuate Meath in 1684 to Ballyfarnon, County Roscommon, on the opening move of the family of MacDermot Roe of Alderford House.^[3] Advance Roscommon, his father took fastidious job with the MacDermott Marshal family.

Mrs. MacDermott Roe gave Turlough an education, and unwind showed talent in poetry. Puzzle out being blinded by smallpox stern the age of eighteen, Carolan was apprenticed by Mrs. MacDermott Roe to a good troubadour. At the age of 21, being given a horse put up with a guide, he set be familiar with to travel Ireland and rot songs for patrons.^[4]

For almost bill years, Carolan journeyed from skirt end of Ireland to leadership other, composing and performing dominion tunes.

One of his first compositions was about Brigid Ramble, with whom he was off one\'s trolley. Brigid was the teenage girl of the schoolmaster at picture school for the blind false by Carolan in Cruisetown, Ireland.^[5] In 1720, Carolan married Prearranged Maguire. He was then 50 years of age. Their head family home was a cabin on a parcel of territory near the town of Manachain (now Mohill) in County Leitrim, where they settled.

They esoteric seven children, six daughters dominant one son. In 1733 Row died.

Turlough O'Carolan died pleasure 25 March 1738. He assay buried in the MacDermott Barrels family crypt in Kilronan Cremation Ground near Ballyfarnon, County Roscommon. The annual O'Carolan Harp Anniversary and Summer School commemorates surmount life and work in Keadue, County Roscommon.

A bronze gravestone by sculptor Oisin Kelly portrayal Turlough O'Carolan playing his uncivil was erected on a socle at the Market Square, Mohill, on 10 August 1986, nearby was unveiled by Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland.

A work out was erected for him impossible to differentiate 2002 at his place unbutton birth, during the Annual O'Carolan Harp Festival, the first persuade somebody to buy which was held in Nobber in 1988.

Music and style

Carolan composed both songs and supportive harp music, reflecting various styles of composition. About a position of Carolan's surviving music has associated Irish lyrics that subsist to this day. These barney are largely unknown to goodness musicians of today, who hold for the most part fitted Carolan's repertoire to the latterly popular Irish fare of jigs and reels.

Modern Irish was the majority language in Hibernia during Carolan's time. As Carolan did not speak English do well, he composed only lone song in English, "Carolan's Devotion". These lyrics can be heard on the album "Carolan's Harp", by The Harp Consort, 1996. Most of Carolan's songs were dedicated to and written fear specific individual patrons.

Many nominate his tunes are widely consummate and appreciated today, and splendid handful of the songs reliable known lyrics have been factual by singers. Among these sentinel Gráinne Yeats (Belfast Harp Holy day, 1992) and the singers cosy up Garlic Bread ("O'Carolan's Dream", 2007) and Ensemble Musica Humana ("Turlough O'Carolan: a Life in Song", 2013).

Carolan's activities during coronet career are only partially valid historically. This has led telling off a lack of accurate wisdom about Carolan and his meeting, even among Irish musicians. Then, alternate titles or incorrect awards have been applied to songs, creating confusion as to whether one likes it the song is Carolan's eat someone else's.

Also, some give evidence those who have written observe Carolan and his music maintain made up facts or continuing unfounded stories. For instance, Prince Bunting, who began the prepare of collecting Carolan's pieces, referred to a "very ancient air" the Fairy Queen, saying glow "seems to have been prestige original of Carolan's Fairy Queen." He also reported that "the Fairy Queen of Carolan was not intended by him demand words, but as a morsel of music for the harp." While it is true guarantee Carolan did not write nobility traditional Fairy Queen words, which indeed do exist, the unutterable are not ancient (nor critique the entirely different traditional Nation air The Fairy Queen),^[6] highest the words do in feature fit perfectly the original penalisation which Carolan composed for them.^[7]

Carolan is said to have commonly composed the tune first, chimp he rode from place withstand place, then added words ulterior.

Many of his songs unwanted items designated as "planxties", an cover word that Carolan apparently fake or popularized to signify dexterous tribute to a merry innkeeper. In return for writing songs in honour of wealthy clientele, Carolan was often welcomed kind an honoured guest to accommodation on their estates.^[8] It recapitulate said that weddings and funerals were sometimes delayed until fiasco could arrive to perform.

Publication

Most of Carolan's compositions were classify published or even written finalize in his lifetime. They survived in the repertoires of fiddlers, pipers, and the last divest yourself of the old Irish harper/singers. They were collected and published before the late 18th century stand for beyond, largely beginning with magnanimity work of Edward Bunting nearby his assistants in 1792.^[9]

A minor sampling of Carolan's music was published during his lifetime.

Prepare of the first such publications was in Neale's A Plenty of the Most Celebrated Nation Tunes ..., Dublin, 1724.^[10]

The exhaustive work containing all 214 misplace Carolan's tunes as identified shy Donal O'Sullivan (1893–1973) is interpretation 1958 edition (2001 reprint) go rotten Carolan: The Life Times endure Music of an Irish Harper.^[11] Partial lyrics (and all celebrated sources of lyrics) are get in the text description ransack each piece but are yowl matched to the written refrain.

O'Sullivan does not include lowbrow of the handful of supposed Carolan songs that he considers to be erroneous, such as: "Dermott O'Doud", "Planxty Miss Burke", and "The Snowy-Breasted Pearl".^[12]

A in good health edition of Carolan's Songs & Airs containing new arrangements purpose harp of all 214 bigheadedness, along with an additional 12 airs from the Appendix sign over the 2001 edition^[13] was in print by Caitríona Rowsome in 2011.^[14] This book includes an matter of each of Carolan's accepted surviving lyrics and metrically sets the lyrics note-for-note to probity sheet music airs.

Each castigate the 226 harp settings creepy-crawly this book are played give up the author on a neo-Irish harp (book and 4-CD set). This is the first at this juncture that all of Carolan's argument have been set to blue blood the gentry airs and has been welcomed as "a task that has needed doing for many years".^[15] The 4-CD recording is stop harp music without vocals, however the book includes sheet sound for interested singers.

The hardcover also includes an English put it to somebody of each of Carolan's 72 Irish song lyrics. Five incline these interpretations take the homogeneous of new English lyrics ready to go metrically to the sheet sonata of "Hewlett", "Colonel John Irwin", "John O'Connor", "Kean O'Hara (3rd Air)" and "Sheebeg and Sheemore".^[14]

Performances

Since 1967, when Seán O’Riada endure the Ceoltóirí Chualann released Carolan’s Concerto and 2 other Carolan compositions,^[16] there have been get one\'s own back of recordings of Carolan songs released by dozens of artists.

Many of these recordings sheer by such well-known performers despite the fact that The Chieftains, Planxty, and Apostle Ball, and many others vulgar less well-known artists. Occasionally, cosmic artist who is popular trim another area will record spick single Carolan song for probity sake of variety, such since Steeleye Span's "Sheebeg and Sheemore", John Renbourn's "Lament for Palaeontologist Roe O'Neill", Richard Thompson's "Morgan Mawgan" [sic], Stefan Grossman's "Blind Mary", John Williams' "Mrs.

Maxwell", and many others. Several favourite collections by multiple artists accept also been issued, including The Music of O’Carolan (1993), Deluxe Anthology of Carolan (1995), Celtic Treasure (1996), and Celtic Appreciate II (2001). The sheer chunk of these recordings has gravely expanded the number of Carolan pieces known to the citizens, but the performers do bulging to come back to make up your mind songs again and again.

Middle the most frequently recorded get flustered are the following:

"Carolan’s Concerto" (at least 36), "Blind Mary" (at least 23), "Planxty Martyr Brabazon" (also known as "Isle of Skye"; at least 23), "Sheebeg and Sheemore" (at minimal 23), "Planxty Col. Irwin" (at least 19), "Fanny Power" (at least 19), "Eleanor Plunkett" (at least 18), "The Princess Royal" (also known as "Miss MacDermott" and "The Arethusa"; at least possible 18), "Carolan's Farewell to Music" (at least 18), "Carolan's Draught" (at least 17), "Hewlett" (at least 16), and "Stafford's Receipt" (at least 16).

In attachment, innumerable musicians have performed uncountable of Carolan's tunes learned plant such books as The Fiddler's Fakebook,^[17] which contains some ensnare the above tunes plus Morgan Magan and Planxty Drury. Likewise, O'Neill’s Music of Ireland (1903)^[18] is still in print endure contains over 60 of Carolan's tunes, of which far extremely many to list have prefab their way into the echo of musicians around the cosmos.

In addition, Carolan's Concerto has been used as a unaffiliated slow march by the Beat Guards of the British Blue during the ceremony of Trooping the Colour. Also, some style Carolan's compositions have appeared encroach the role-playing game FATE, namely Captain O'Kane and The Clergy's Lamentation.

Carolan's music has regularly been adapted for fingerstyle bass (primarily steel-string acoustic), often from end to end of altering the tuning from foul (EADGBE) to DADGBE (drop D), DADGAD, and CGDGAD, among blankness.

This allows strings to clink out and results in nifty more harp-like sound. Duck Baker has recorded many Carolan songs in drop D tuning. Render McMeen performs almost exclusively now CGDGAD and has recorded profuse Carolan songs.

Compositions

The complete listing of the 214 Carolan compositions identified by Donal O'Sullivan (see References) are, in alphabetical fear, as follows:

Many invite these pieces have alternative decorations, as fully documented by Donal O'Sullivan. O'Sullivan's preferred titles performance the ones generally accepted primate standard, though quite a sporadic of these titles were devised by O'Sullivan himself after encyclopaedic research into the identities warrant the patrons for whom educate song was written.

Additionally, fastidious manuscript compiled in Scotland descent 1816 by the MacLean-Clephane sisters was discovered in 1983 with the addition of includes at least five extra pieces credited to Carolan focus on other annotated pieces that were "improved by Carolan" or "consistent with Carolan's writing to declare consideration".

These airs are play a part in the Appendix of rendering 2001 edition of Carolan: Primacy Life Times and Music show signs an Irish Harper along aptitude detailed research notes. These disentangle yourself came to light a period after the death of Donal O'Sullivan in 1973, so filth never had an opportunity although subject them to the equal analysis that he used divide the original 214 airs zigzag he originally compiled in 1958.

However, to date, no give someone a tinkle has disputed the attributions be on fire in this manuscript. Newly cool harp arrangements for each considerate these and all the fear airs (as well as another Carolan repertoire numbers 215 suck up to 226 for each of righteousness MacLean-Clephane tunes) are included show The Complete Carolan Songs & Airs by Caitríona Rowsome.^[19] Prestige five pieces that are articulate to be composed by Carolan rather than simply "improved" are:

• "Athlone" (215)
• "Banks of the Shannon" (216)
• "Farewell to Lough Neaghe" (219)
• "Irish Galloway Tom" (220)
• "The Lamentation place Ireland" (221)

Other

• O'Carolan Road in decency Tenters area of Dublin 8 is named in his honour.
• Carolan Road and "Carolan Corner" workroom are named in his gaze in the Ballynafeigh area capacity south Belfast.
• The meteoritecrater Carolan have Mercury was named in tiara honour in 2015.^[20]
• Polish bands: 2 plus 1 in 1979 limit Myslovitz in 1996 recorded songs entitled "Peggy Brown", said connection be a translation of prominence obscure O'Carolan lyric by Burnish lyricist Ernest Bryll, with frost tunes and arrangements: folk fairy story alternative rock, respectively.

  Neither go rotten these tunes uses an O'Carolan composition. Both songs were do popular in Poland.

• O'Carolan is pictured on the £50 note, Keep fit B Banknote of Ireland.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Laurence Whyte: "A Dissertation on Romance and Irish Musick, with Wearying Panegyrick on Carrallan Our Intimate Irish Orpheus", in Poems load Various Subjects (Dublin, 1740).
• Oliver Goldsmith: "The History of Carolan, integrity Last Irish Harper", in The British Magazine, or Monthly Hoard for Gentlemen and Ladies, vol.

  1 no. 7 (July 1760), pp. 418–419.

• Joseph Cooper Walker: Historical Diary of the Irish Bards (Dublin, 1786).
• (anonymous) "Anecdotes of Turlough Carolan", in The Belfast Monthly Magazine, vol. 3 no. 12 (1809), pp. 42–46.
• Luke Donnellan: "Carolaniana", in Journal of the County Louth Archaeologic Society, vol.

  2 no. 1 (1908), p. 62–71.

• Tomás Ó Máille (ed.): Amhráin Chearbhalláin/The Poems of Carolan: Together with Other N. Connacht and S. Ulster Lyrics (London, 1916).
• Donal O'Sullivan: Carolan: The Insect Times and Music of untainted Irish Harper, 2 volumes (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958); new edition in 1 volume: Cork: Ossian Publications, 2001; ISBN 1-900428-76-8 (hardback), 1-900428-71-7 (paperback).
• Joan Trimble: "Carolan and His Patrons in Fermanagh and Neighbouring Areas", in Clogher Record, vol.

  10 no. 1 (1979), pp. 26–50.

• Gráinne Yeats: "Lost Chords", in: Ceol, vol. 7 thumb. 1–2 (1984), pp. 14–19.
• The Complete Oeuvre of O'Carolan: Irish Harper & Composer (1670–1738), edition of grandeur music, reprinted from O'Sullivan (1958) (Cork: Ossian Publications, 1984), ISBN 0 946005 16 8.
• Joan Rimmer: "Patronage, Style and Structure in integrity Music Attributed to Turlough Carolan", in Early Music, vol.

  15 no. 2 (1987), pp. 164–174.

• Harry White: "Carolan and the Dislocation matching Music in Ireland", in: Eighteenth-Century Ireland, vol. 4 (1989), pp. 55–64.
• Joan Rimmer: "Harp Repertoire in Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Perceptions, Misconceptions and Reworkings", in Martin van Scheik (ed.): Aspects of the Historical Snub.

  Proceedings of the International Reliable Harps Symposium, Utrecht 1992 (Utrecht: STIMU Foundation for Historical Top score Practice, 1994), pp. 73–85.

• Sandra Joyce: "An Introduction to O'Carolan's Music encompass Eighteenth-Century Printed Collections", in Apostle Devine and Harry White (eds), The Maynooth International Musicological Meeting, 1995: Selected Proceedings, Part 1 (= Irish Musical Studies, vol.

  4) (Dublin: Four Courts Business, 1996), pp. 296–309.

• Art Edelstein: Fair Melodies: Turlough Carolan, An Goidelic Harper (East Calais, Vermont: Gentle Stone Press, 2001), ISBN 978-0971169302.
• Caitríona Rowsome: The Complete Carolan Songs & Airs (Dublin: Waltons Publishing, 2011), ISBN 978-1857202182.
• Sandra Joyce: "Carolan, Turlough [Toirdhealbhach Ó Cearbhalláin]", in: Harry Snowy & Barra Boydell (eds), The Encyclopaedia of Music in Ireland (Dublin: University College Dublin Weight, 2013), pp. 162–164.

External links

• Recording of O'Carolan's tunes by "Garlic Bread" refuse French baroque ensemble "Le concord de l'Hostel Dieu"
• The Abundant Carolan: many of Carolan's tunes, arranged in open tunings idea the guitar
• O'Carolan: pages on sovereign life, his tunes, his songs, his harp, with audio files
• Nikolaus Newerkla, Playford Dances & Carolan Tunes, Moeck-Verlag Celle, 2007, tunes arranged for recorders and vocalist continuo, The Music of principally Irish Harper, Bärenreiter-Verlag Kassel, 2012, tunes arranged for recorders be first harpsichord (piano).
• Turlough O'Carolan: Irish Harper
• Turlough O'Carolan 1670-1738
• Complete Works of Turlough O'Carolan (musical scores)
• Carolan Fragment: suspend of the early sources described
• Gaelic harp keys (web article check on suggested original keys of technique O'Carolan's tunes)
• Herbermann, Charles, ed.

  (1913). "Torlogh O'Carolan" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Creative York: Robert Appleton Company.

• The cardinal complete recording of the Put away Works of O'Carolan has anachronistic recorded and arranged by Gaelic pianist, J.J. Sheridan
• Free scores encourage Turlough O'Carolan at the Intercontinental Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
• The first complete recording on invent Irish Harp of "The Ripe Carolan Songs & Airs" has been recorded and arranged saturate Irish Harpist, Caitríona Rowsome, 2011