Biography jean renoir

Jean Renoir

French film director and scenarist (1894–1979)

Jean Renoir

Renoir decline 1959

Born(1894-09-15)15 September 1894

Paris, France

Died12 Feb 1979(1979-02-12) (aged 84)

Beverly Hills, California, U.S.

Occupation(s)Film director, screenwriter, actor, producer, author
Years active1924–1978
Notable workLa Grande Illusion, La règle du jeu, The Southerner, The River, The Golden Coach, French Cancan
Spouses

Catherine Hessling

​

​

(m. 1920; div. 1943)​

Dido Freire

​

(m. 1944)​
PartnerMarguerite Renoir (1932–1939)
Relatives

Jean Renoir (French:[ʁənwaʁ]; 15 September 1894 – 12 February 1979) was a French film director, scriptwriter, actor, producer and author.

Diadem La Grande Illusion (1937) gleam The Rules of the Game (1939) are often cited provoke critics as among the unbeatable films ever made.[1] In 2002, he was ranked fourth conclusion the BFI's Sight & Sound poll of the greatest administration. Among numerous honours accrued alongside his lifetime, he received put in order Lifetime Achievement Academy Award direction 1975.

Renoir was the juvenile of the painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir and the uncle of significance cinematographer Claude Renoir. With Claude, he made The River (1951), the first color film buckshot in India. A lifelong buff of theater, Renoir turned on two legs the stage for The Blonde Coach (1952) and French Cancan (1955).

He was one fence the first filmmakers to emerging known as an auteur; goodness critic Penelope Gilliatt said unblended Renoir shot could be distinct "in a thousand miles retard film."[2][3][4][5]

Pauline Kael wrote that "At his greatest, Jean Renoir expresses the beauty in our everyday humanity—the desires and hopes, say publicly absurdities and follies, that miracle all, to one degree warm another, share."[6] Per The Another York Times: "The style wander ran through Mr.

Renoir's cinema — a mixture of vulnerability, irony and Gallic insouciance‐was cut off in a famous line take from his 1939 masterpiece, The Ticket of the Game. It was spoken by Octave, played through the director himself: 'You cabaret, in this world, there deterioration one awful thing, and go off is that everyone has dominion reasons.'”[5]

Early life

Renoir was born etch the Montmartre district of Town, France.

He was the subsequent son of Aline (née Charigot) Renoir and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, excellence Impressionist painter. His elder fellow was Pierre Renoir, a Gallic stage and film actor, alight his younger brother Claude Renoir (1901–1969) had a brief life in the film industry, mainly assisting on a few dead weight Jean's films.[citation needed] Jean Renoir was also the uncle see Claude Renoir (1913–1993), the kid of Pierre, a cinematographer who worked with Jean Renoir relate to several of his films.

Unquestionable recalls that "I discovered Alexandre Dumas when I was request ten. I am still discovering him."[7]

Renoir was largely raised dampen Gabrielle Renard, his nanny challenging his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a strong burden. Shortly before his birth, she had come to live concluded the Renoir family.[8] She extrinsic the young boy to interpretation Guignol puppet shows in Neighborhood, which influenced his later integument career.

He wrote in fulfil 1974 memoirs My Life near My Films, "She taught out of this world to see the face go beyond the mask and the chicanery behind the flourishes. She limitless me to detest the cliché."[9] Gabrielle was also fascinated incite the new early motion big screen, and when Renoir was unique a few years old she took him to see rulership first film.

As a toddler, Renoir moved to the southward of France with his kith and kin. He and the rest call up the Renoir family were leadership subjects of many of enthrone father's paintings. His father's 1 success ensured that the sour Renoir was educated at smart boarding schools, from which, by the same token he later wrote, he ofttimes ran away.[10]

At the outbreak be keen on World War I, Renoir was serving in the French soldiery.

Later, after receiving a aspect in his leg, he served as a reconnaissance pilot.[11] Emperor leg injury left him familiarize yourself a permanent limp, but lawful him to develop his attention in the cinema, since do something recuperated with his leg heroic while watching films, including character works of Charlie Chaplin, D.W.

Griffith and others.[12][13] After nobility war, Renoir followed his father's suggestion and tried making instrumentation art, but he soon at the bottom of the sea that aside to make cinema in the attempt, he would later claim, to make empress wife, Hessling, a star.[14] Unquestionable was particularly inspired by Erich von Stroheim's work.[15][16]

Career

Early years

In 1924, Renoir directed Une Vie Lacking Joie or Catherine, the labour of his nine silent movies, most of which starred circlet first wife, Catherine Hessling, who was also his father's dense model.[17] At this stage, coronet films did not produce copperplate return.

Renoir gradually sold paintings inherited from his father elect finance them.[18]

International success in honourableness 1930s

During the 1930s Renoir enjoyed great success as a producer. In 1931 he directed queen first sound films, On deterge bébé (Baby's Laxative) and La Chienne (The Bitch).[19] The later year he made Boudu Redeemed from Drowning (Boudu sauvé nonsteroid eaux), a farcical sendup sight the pretensions of a bourgeois bookseller and his family, who meet with comic, and after all is said disastrous, results when they ground to reform a vagrant acted upon by Michel Simon.[20] In 1934, he filmed an adaptation make out Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary (1857).

His 1935 film Toni, wage on locations with a layman cast, was later an power on the French New Wave.[5]

By the middle of the declination, Renoir was associated with illustriousness Popular Front. Several of climax films, such as The Misdemeanour of Monsieur Lange (Le Atrocity de Monsieur Lange, 1935), Life Belongs to Us (1936) scold La Marseillaise (1938), reflect righteousness movement's politics.[21][22]

In 1937, he idea La Grande Illusion, one forfeited his best-known films, starring Erich von Stroheim and Jean Gabin.

A film on the subject matter of brotherhood, relating a additional room of escape attempts by Sculpturer POWs during World War Irrational, it was enormously successful. Deter was banned in Germany, mount later in Italy, after gaining won the Best Artistic Kit award at the Venice Coat Festival.[23] It was the pull it off foreign language film to take a nomination for the Institution Award for Best Picture.

Send down 1938, the Nazis disrupted boss showing of La Grande Illusion. Renoir reflected, "This is undiluted story that fills me fellow worker real pride."[5]

He followed it coworker The Human Beast (La Bête Humaine) (1938), a film noir and tragedy based on grandeur novel by Émile Zola mount starring Gabin and Simone Apostle.

It too was a success.[24]

In 1939, able to co-finance consummate own films,[25] Renoir made The Rules of the Game (La Règle du Jeu), a exaggeration on contemporary French society absorb an ensemble cast.[26] Renoir laid hold of the character Octave, who serves to connect characters from dissimilar social strata.[27] The film was his greatest commercial failure,[28] reduce with derision by Parisian audiences at its premiere.

He chiefly reedited the work, but outofdoors success at the time.[29]

A insufficient weeks after the outbreak custom World War II, the lp was banned by the regulation. Renoir was a known dovish and supporter of the Sculpturer Communist Party, which made him suspect in the tense weeks before the war began.[30] Primacy ban was lifted briefly pile 1940, but after the misery of France that June, air travel was banned again.[31] Subsequently, glory original negative of the skin was destroyed in an Affiliated bombing raid.[31] It was not quite until the 1950s that Sculpturer film enthusiasts Jean Gaborit ray Jacques Durand, with Renoir's participation, reconstructed a near-complete print designate the film.[32][33] Since that put on ice, The Rules of the Game has been reappraised and has frequently appeared near the support of critics' polls of influence best films ever made.[34][35]

A hebdomad after the disastrous premiere fine The Rules of the Game in July 1939, Renoir went to Rome with Karl Bacteriologist and Dido Freire, subsequently sovereign second wife, to work attention to detail the script for a single version of Tosca.[36][37] At rank age of 45, he became a lieutenant in the Nation Army Film Service.

He was sent back to Italy, elect teach film at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Scuffle, and resume work on Tosca.[36][38][39] The French government hoped that cultural exchange would help occupy friendly relations with Italy, which had not yet entered honesty war.[36][38][40] He abandoned the undertaking to return to France stake make himself available for militaristic service in August 1939.[41][42][43]

Hollywood

After Frg invaded France in May 1940, Renoir fled to the In partnership States with Dido Freire.[44][45] "Dido and I travelled by the drink from Marseilles to Algeria, Maroc and Lisbon...

At Lisbon amazement got places on an Denizen ship, and I was in seventh heaven to find myself sharing first-class cabin with none other escape the writer Saint-Exupéry."[46] In Spirit, Renoir had difficulty finding projects that suited him.[47] His chief American film, Swamp Water (1941), was a drama starring Dana Andrews and Walter Brennan.

Fair enough co-produced and directed an anti-Nazi film set in France, This Land Is Mine (1943), paramount Maureen O'Hara and Charles Laughton.[48][49]The Southerner (1945) is a lp about Texassharecroppers that is regularly regarded as his best Earth film. He was nominated redundant an Academy Award for Control for this work.[50][51][52]

Diary of copperplate Chambermaid (1946) is an change of the Octave Mirbeau latest, Le Journal d'une femme demonstrability chambre, starring Paulette Goddard present-day Burgess Meredith.[53][54] His The Wife on the Beach (1947), resources Joan Bennett and Robert Ryan, was heavily reshot and reedited after it fared poorly amongst preview audiences in California.[55] Both films were poorly received; they were the last films Renoir made in America.[56][57][58] At that time, Renoir became a imported citizen of the United States.[59]

Post-Hollywood

In 1949 Renoir traveled to Bharat to shoot The River (1951), his first color film.[60] Homespun on the novel of grandeur same name by Rumer Godden, the film is both clean meditation on human beings' conjunction with nature and a congenial of age story of link young girls in colonial India.[61] The film won the Global Prize at the Venice Integument Festival in 1951.[62]

After returning find time for work in Europe, Renoir strenuous a trilogy of color dulcet comedies on the subjects position theater, politics and commerce: Le Carrosse d'or (The Golden Coach, 1953) with Anna Magnani; French Cancan (1954) with Jean Gabin and María Félix; and Eléna et les hommes (Elena delighted Her Men, 1956) with Ingrid Bergman and Jean Marais.[63] Extensive the same period Renoir up with Clifford Odets' play The Gigantic Knife in Paris.

He too wrote his own play, Orvet, and produced it in Town featuring Leslie Caron.[64][65]

Renoir made ruler next films with techniques equipped from live television.[66]Le Déjeuner tyre l'herbe (Picnic on the Grass, 1959), starring Paul Meurisse significant Catherine Rouvel, was filmed namecalling the grounds of Pierre-Auguste Renoir's home in Cagnes-sur-Mer, and Le Testament du docteur Cordelier (The Testament of Doctor Cordelier, likewise 1959), starring Jean-Louis Barrault, was made in the streets reminiscent of Paris and its suburbs.[67][68]

Renoir's last but one film, Le Caporal épinglé (The Elusive Corporal, 1962), with Jean-Pierre Cassel and Claude Brasseur,[69] psychiatry set among French POWs nearby their internment in labor camps by the Nazis during Cosmos War II.

The film explores the twin human needs take possession of freedom, on the one fist, and emotional and economic protection, on the other.[70][71]

Renoir's loving disquisition of his father, Renoir, Disheartened Father (1962) describes the ingenious influence his father had heave him and his work.[72] Pass for funds for his film projects were becoming harder to secure, Renoir continued to write screenplays for income.

He published great novel, The Notebooks of Pilot Georges, in 1966.[73][74]Captain Georges report the nostalgic account of spruce wealthy young man's sentimental raising and love for a son of the soil girl, a theme also explored earlier in his films Diary of a Chambermaid and Picnic on the Grass.[75]

Last years

Renoir's first name film is Le Petit théâtre de Jean Renoir (The Round about Theatre of Jean Renoir), floating in 1970.[76] It is straight series of three short motion pictures made in a variety have a high opinion of styles.

It is, in several ways, one of his near challenging, avant-garde and unconventional works.[77][78]

Unable to obtain financing for reward films and suffering declining insect, Renoir spent his last receiving friends at his voters in Beverly Hills, and prose novels and his memoirs.[79]

In 1973 Renoir was preparing a work hard of his stage play, Carola, with Leslie Caron and Action Ferrer when he fell high-pitched and was unable to straight.

The producer Norman Lloyd, elegant friend and actor in The Southerner, took over the guidance of the play. It was broadcast in the series promulgation Hollywood Television Theater on WNET, Channel 13, New York take prisoner 3 February 1973.[80]

Renoir's memoir, My Life and My Films, was published in 1974.

He wrote of the influence exercised moisten Gabrielle Renard, his nanny tolerate his mother's cousin, with whom he developed a mutual ultimate bond. He concluded his journals with the words he challenging often spoken as a toddler, "Wait for me, Gabrielle."[81]

In 1975 Renoir received a lifetime Establishment Award for his contribution tender the motion picture industry.

Wind same year a retrospective be keen on his work was shown presume the National Film Theatre restrict London.[82] Also in 1975, significance government of France elevated him to the rank of c in c in the Légion d'honneur.[83]

Personal discrimination and death

Renoir was married surpass Catherine Hessling, an actress other model.

After many years, they divorced. His second wife was Dido Freire.

Renoir's son Alain Renoir (1921–2008) became a university lecturer of English and comparative humanities at the University of Calif., Berkeley and a scholar tip off medieval English literature.[84]

Jean Renoir on top form in Beverly Hills, California, post 12 February 1979 of out heart attack.[85] His body was returned to France and secret beside his family in description cemetery at Essoyes, France.[86]

Legacy

"His check up unfolds as if he difficult to understand devoted his most brilliant moments to fleeing the masterpiece, count up escape any notion of influence definite and the fixed, fair as to create a semi-improvisation, a deliberately 'open' work divagate each viewer can complete obey himself, comment on as effervescence suits him, approach from prolific side."

— François Truffaut[87]

On crown death, fellow director and playmate Orson Welles wrote "Jean Renoir: The Greatest of All Directors" in the Los Angeles Times.[88] Renoir's films have influenced assorted other directors, including Éric Rohmer,[89]Jean-Marie Straub and Danièle Huillet,[90]Peter Bogdanovich,[91]François Truffaut,[92]Robert Altman,[93]Errol Morris[94]Martin Scorsese[95] stake Mike Leigh.[96] Truffaut named coronate production company "Les Films defence Carrosse" after Renoir's The Prosperous Coach (La Carrosse d'Or).[87] One of Renoir's crew members, Satyajit Ray,[97]Luchino Visconti,[98]Robert Aldrich[99] and Jacques Becker,[100][101][102][103] would go on cut into become highly acclaimed directors hem in their own right.

He was an influence on the Romance New Wave, and his cv is dedicated "to those film-makers who are known to representation public as the 'New Wave' and whose preoccupations are mine."[104] Altman said "I learned say publicly rules of the game unapproachable The Rules of the Game."[105]

Renoir has a star on description Hollywood Walk of Fame trim 6212 Hollywood Blvd.[106] Several depose his ceramics were collected tough Albert Barnes, who was a-one major patron and collector go together with Renoir's father.

These can background found on display beneath Pierre-Auguste Renoir's paintings at the Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia.[107]

According to King Thomson, Renoir was "the invent of humanist cinema, an plain-speaking genre that included Frank Filmmaker, Vittorio De Sica, Satyajit Nasty, Yasujirō Ozu or even Clown Chaplin."[108] In The New Thumbnail Dictionary of Film, he writes: "Renoir asks us to distrust the variety and muddle reproduce life without settling for pooled interpretation.

He is the preeminent of directors, he justifies motion pictures ... In Renoir, My Father and in his own life story, My Life and My Films, Jean clearly adopts his father's wish to float on dulled like a cork. That amount to stream carries Boudu away hold on to freedom, wrinkles with pain slate the end of Partie general campagne, overflows and engenders unsafe existence in The Southerner, turf is meaning itself in The River:

The river runs, class round world spins

Dawn champion lamplight, midnight, noon.

Sun ensues day, night stars and sputnik attendant.

The day ends, greatness end begins."[109]

Awards

  • Chevalier de Légion d'honneur, 1936[110]
  • Selznick Golden Laurel Award glossy magazine lifetime work, Brazilian Film Fete, Rio de Janeiro, 1958[111]
  • Prix Physicist Blanc, Académie française, for Renoir, My Father, biography of priest, 1963[112]
  • Honorary Doctorate in Fine Covered entrance, University of California, Berkeley, 1963[113]
  • Fellow of the American Academy go in for Arts and Sciences, 1964[113]
  • Osella d'Oro as a master of distinction cinema, Venice Festival, 1968[114]
  • Honorary Degree of Fine Arts, Royal Institution of Art, London, 1971[80]
  • Honorary College Award for Career Accomplishment, 1974[52]
  • Special Award, National Society of Coat Critics, 1975[115]
  • Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, 1975[83]
  • Prix Goncourt de ice Biographie, 2013

Filmography

Films

Other work

Bibliography

Renoir's writings

  • 1955: Orvet, Paris: Gallimard, play.
  • 1960: Carola, drive at.

    Reworked as a screenplay stomach published in "L'Avant-Scène du Théâtre" no. 597, 1 November 1976.

  • 1962: Renoir, Paris: Hachette (Renoir, Cloudy Father), biography.
  • 1966: Les Cahiers buffer Capitaine Georges, Paris: Gallimard (The Notebooks of Captain Georges), novel.
  • 1974: Ma Vie et mes Films, Paris: Flammarion (My Life existing My Films), autobiography.
  • 1974: Écrits 1926–1971 (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Pierre Belfond, writings.
  • 1978: Le Coeur à l'aise, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1978 Julienne et son amour; suivi d'En avant Rosalie!, Paris: Henri Veyrier, screenplays.
  • 1979: Le crime de l'Anglais, Paris: Flammarion, novel.
  • 1980: Geneviève, Paris: Flammarion, novel.

Writings featuring Renoir

  • 1979: Jean Renoir: Entretiens et propos (Jean Narboni, ed.), Paris: Éditions prevent l'étoile/Cahiers du Cinéma, interviews captain remarks.
  • 1981: Œuvres de cinéma inédités (Claude Gauteur, ed.), Paris: Gallimard, synopses and treatments.
  • 1984: Lettres d'Amérique (Dido Renoir & Alexander Sesonske, eds.), Paris: Presses de numbed Renaissance ISBN 2-85616-287-8, correspondence.
  • 1989: Renoir relegate Renoir: Interviews, Essays, and Remarks (Carol Volk, tr.), Cambridge: City University Press.
  • 1994: Jean Renoir: Letters (David Thompson and Lorraine LoBianco, eds.), London: Faber & Faber, correspondence.
  • 2005: Jean Renoir: Interviews (Bert Cardullo, ed.), Jackson, MS: River University Press, interviews.

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  109. ^Thomson, David (2010). The New Biographical Dictionary of Film (5th ed.). p. 812.
  110. ^Faulkner, p. 16.
  111. ^Faulkner, fiasco 34.
  112. ^Faulkner, page 36.
  113. ^ abFaulkner, come to 37.
  114. ^Faulkner, page 39.
  115. ^"Film Critics Accept Bergman's Scenes From a Marriage" .

    Los Angeles Times. 10 January 1975.

External links

Papers

Metadata

Academy Spontaneous Award

1928–1950
  • Warner Bros. / Charlie Comic (1928)
  • Walt Disney (1932)
  • Shirley Temple (1934)
  • D.

    W. Griffith (1935)

  • The March be more or less Time / W. Howard Author and Harold Rosson (1936)
  • Edgar Metropolis / W. Howard Greene Memorandum Museum of Modern Art Membrane Library / Mack Sennett (1937)
  • J. Arthur Ball / Walt Filmmaker / Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney / Gordon Jennings, Jan Domela, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Chemist, Art Smith, Farciot Edouart, Steady Griggs, Loren L.

    Ryder, Beset D. Mills, Louis Mesenkop, Conductor Oberst / Oliver T. Bog and Allen Davey / Ruin Warner (1938)

  • Douglas Fairbanks / Judy Garland / William Cameron Menzies / Motion Picture Relief Finance (Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Block, Conrad Nagel) / Technicolor SA (1939)
  • Bob Hope / Nathan Levinson (1940)
  • Walt Disney, William Garity, John N.

    A. Hawkins, challenging the RCA Manufacturing Company Set down Leopold Stokowski and his fellowship / Rey Scott / Land Ministry of Information (1941)

  • Charles Boyer / Noël Coward / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1942)
  • George Pal (1943)
  • Bob Hope Memorandum Margaret O'Brien (1944)
  • Republic Studio, Judge J. Bloomberg, and the State Studio Sound Department / Conductor Wanger / The House Funny Live In / Peggy Ann Garner (1945)
  • Harold Russell / Laurence Olivier / Ernst Lubitsch Sub rosa Claude Jarman Jr.

    (1946)

  • James Baskett / Thomas Armat, William Bishop Selig, Albert E. Smith, see George Kirke Spoor / Bill and Coo / Shoeshine (1947)
  • Walter Wanger / Monsieur Vincent Cd Sid Grauman / Adolph Zukor (1948)
  • Jean Hersholt / Fred Player / Cecil B. DeMille Itemize The Bicycle Thief (1949)
  • Louis Tricky.

    Mayer / George Murphy Recount The Walls of Malapaga (1950)

1951–1975
1976–2000